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Criminology: Responding to Crime authors
Guess the author to the fact or figure.
Quiz by
samparkin92
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Last updated: January 24, 2024
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Role of the Police
Functions of the police:
-Crime reduction
-Peace keeping
-Public reassurance
Bowling et al. (2019)
'Something happening that ought not to be'
Bittner (1974)
Police power disproportionately deployed against black people
Bowling and Philips (2002)
Cop culture factors:
-Suspiciousness
-Solidarity
-Conservativism
Skolnick (1996)
Policing took a preventative turn in the 70's
Crawford and Evans (2017)
-£2 billion turnover in 2003
-356k private security employed 2015
-Civillians = 1/3 of police force
-16,000 PCSOs
Newburn and Reiner (2016)
Public Perceptions
Fairness is most important factor in gaging attitudes of legitimacy
Tyler (2006)
Fear of Crime paradox
Ferraro (1995)
Fear of crime is a moral panic
Supplemented by tabloids and media
Cohen (1972)
Met police report
Casey (2023)
BCS said crime down 50% since 1995, yet 2/3 believed crime was rising
Flately et al (2010)
Property crime down 59%
Violent crime down 51%
People believed only 1/2 of rapists in jail as opposed to 97%
1/2 of people knew nothing about CPS
Western nations unaware of apparent decline
Hough and Roberts (2017)
Drugs
Citizens have defective knowledge of CJS
Van de Welle (2009)
Better knowledge can actually lead to less confidence in CJS
Sun and Wu (2006)
Hard to measure impact on attitudes
Van de Welle (2006)
Discretionary and non-discretionary contacts
Thomas (1982)
Politicians tough on crime stance despite reduction
Roberts et al (2003)
Prison acts as university of crime
Avoid criminalisation of possession
Don't criminalise the vulnerable
Bacon (2023)
45% acquisitive offences committed by heroine addicts
Mills et al (2013)
Situational Crime Prevention
Clarke (1997)
322 (7%) intersections in Jersey City had drug traffic on them
Weisburd and Green (1994)
Drug use in 19% abandoned buildings in Austin
Spelman (1993)
60% arrestees at Kings Cross were black
Lee (1996)
4 characteristics for drug hotspots:
Surveillance
Management
Customers
Facilitators
Jacobson (1999)
'Ongoing public health crisis'
Kimber (2019)
Over 1/3 adults taken drugs
Home Office (2019)
Black people searched for drugs 9x more than white people
Illicit drug market worth £9.4 billion
Black (2020)
4859 deaths from drug poisoning 2022
ONS (2022)
Multi-Agency Partnerships
-Policing is a constellation of inter-agency partnerships
-Operation Yewtree 2012 successfully exposed celebrity predators
-Become national trauma
-Leeds safeguarding children program was successful
-Austerity is big challenge
Crawford and L'Hoiry (2017)
Banter helps with stressful situations
Charman (2013)
Genuine need for inter-agency cooperation for children in need
Butler Sloss (1988)
5 men abused young girls in Rotherham= 1400 in 16 years
Jay (2014)
'Unquestionable wickedness' of child sex offenders
Wicked problems have innumerable causes
Rittel and Webber (1973)
Slough Violence MAP:
-650 actions (potency questions)
-met 300 times
-70% thought would reduce violence
-80% agreed generated 'sensible activity'
Higgins (2016)
Partnerships are better than individual agencies
Rosenbaum (2002)
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