Some Landmark Supreme Court Cases - Nichole

v. Madison (1803) principle of judicial review

v. Maryland (1819) established constitutional supremacy over state by implied powers doctrine

v. Sanford (1857) declaring the Missouri Compromise it also established slaves were not citizens of the United States.

v. Southern Pacific Railroad (1886) granted corporations the same protections as citizens under the 14th amendment

v. Ferguson (1896) declared separate but equal accommodations to enforce racial segregation

of New Jersey et al v. United States (1911) United States can dissolve a trust when that trust is exercising "unreasonable restraint of trade"

v. United States (1919) United States can restrict free speech especially during wartime, when it is show to present "clear and present danger"

v. United States (1935) Congress cannot delegate power and authority to the president

et al v. United States (1951) declared the "Smith Act" (which states it is a crime to advocate the overthrow of the government by force) constitutional, later Yate v. US in 1957 add the words to cause direct actions

v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) laws enforcing desegregation at "all deliberate speed"

v. United States (1957) declared obscenity as that which appeals to "prurient interest" ( defined as having or encouraging an excessive interest in sexual matters) and has no "redeeming social importance"

v. Ohio (1961) illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in trial on the state and federal levels

v. Sims (1964) state legislature must be proportional to the people represented to allow for equal representation

v. Arizona (1966) suspects must be informed of their rights before being questioned about a crime

v. Georgia (1972) All death penalty statutes were unconstitutional in all states as written due to the subjectivity. State rewrote laws and death penalty was back within a few years.

v. Wade ( 1973) ruled that laws prohibiting abortion except in the last trimester were unconstitutional based on the 14th amendment

v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022) overturned Roe v. Wade, but some state constitutions independently protect abortion rights while others don't

v. Bakke (1978) universities can admit students based on race to combat discrimination

v. Reproductive Health Services (1989) states can restrict access to abortion as long as it is not outlawed entirely

v. Forklift Systems Inc (1993) sexual harassment claims can be valid even when no severe economic or emotional damage occurs

et al v. Gore (2003) In a landmark 5-4 decision the court overturned the ruling of the Florida State Supreme Court and ceded that state's Electoral College votes, and the presidency to George W. Bush

v. Texas (2003) explicitly overturned a earlier case that allowed states to regulate sexual conduct, such as enacting laws about sodomy

v. Rumsfeld (2006) Court found that the war crimes tribunal at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, established by the Bush Administration, lacked "the power to proceed because it's structure and procedures violate both the Uniform Code of Justice and the Four Geneva Conventions signed in 1949"