USAD Prepared Speech

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Last updated: January 25, 2020
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P
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen---
these
are
a
few
examples
of
what
science
calls
atoms,
the
smallest
discrete,
meaningful
units
of
matter.
Analogously,
linguistics
denotes
the
smallest
discrete,
meaningful
units
of
speech
morphemes.
For
example,
play
and
ground
combine
to
form
the
compound
word
play-ground.
And
like
atoms,
which
differ
in
their
constituent
protons,
neutrons,
and
electrons,
every
morpheme
is
some
permutation
of
more
primitive
elements.
In
spoken
languages,
these
are
called
phonemes;
all
natural
human
languages
share
the
same
phonological
basis.
These
P
linguistic
terms---
and
many
others---
exist
to
evaluate,
categorize,
and
compare
existing,
natural
languages.
But
they
also
provide
a
convenient
framework
for
the
exciting
field
of
inventing
and
teaching
entirely
new
languages,
appropriately
called
constructed
languages.
Nothing
but
imagination
limits
their
diversity
of
structure
and
purpose.
They
generally
fit
three
broad,
overlapping
descriptions:
engineered,
auxiliary,
artistic.
Engineered
languages
are
experiments
in
logic,
philosophy,
or
linguistic
theory.
They
often
test
the
limits
of
communication.
Take
Lobjan,
for
instance,
which
attempts
to
P
completely
eliminate
both
semantic
and
syntactic
ambiguity---
which
refer
to
individual
words
and
entire
sentences
having
multiple,
grammatically
correct
interpretations.
Or
take
Ithkuil,
which
utilizes
every
single
unique
sound
and
intonation
the
human
voice
can
make
for
incredible
terseness.
The
Ithkuil
phrase
"Tram-mļöi hhâsmařpţuktôx"
translates
to
"On
the
contrary,
I
think
it
may
turn
out
that
this
rugged
mountain
range
trails
off
at
some
point."
Another,
almost
laughable
example
is
Fith.
Each
sentence
represents
one
last-in-first-out
stack.
Like
a
computer,
each
P
word
enters
the
stack
chronologically
and
can
modify
or
sort
it.
These
are
intriguing
thought
experiments
in
the
possibilities
of
communication,
but
other
constructed
languages
actually
attempt
to
foster
it.
Rather
than
adhering
to
arbitrary,
convoluted
standards---
auxiliary
languages
are
usually
intended
to
be
as
universal
and
easy-to-pick-up
as
possible---
an
especially
relevant
mission
in
our
globalized
world.
The
most
widely-spoken
constructed
language,
Esperanto,
was
created
by
L.
L.
Zamenhof
in
1887
to
promote
international
harmony
without
the
cultural
dominance
P
of
a
lingua
franca,
or
a
"language
of
trade."
In
contrast
to
the
pragmatism
of
engineered
and
auxiliary
languages,
artistic
languages
contribute
to
world-building
in
fiction.
J.
R.
R.
Tolkien
created
a
complex
family
of
elvish
languages
for
middle
earth,
woven
into
the
rich
history
of
their
civilization.
He
also
wrote
an
in-universe
constructed
language
called
the
Black
Speech.
Its
creator
Sauron
imposed
it
on
the
peoples
he
conquered,
embodying
the
permeating
control
of
a
totalitarian
regime.
Similarly,
George
Orwell
P
created
Newspeak
for
his
novel
1984
to
satirize
its
real-world
inspiration:
Basic
English.
He
warned
that
in
a
language
like
Newspeak,
"a
heretical
thought
should
be
literally
unthinkable,
at
least
so
far
as
thought
is
dependent
on
words."
Artificial
languages
are
an
interesting
but
often
overlooked
means
of
experiment,
communication,
and
artistry.
I
hope
you
have
come
to
appreciate
another,
less
concrete,
more
obscure
type
of
atom
today
and
its
constructive
power
to
form
compounds---
natural
and
novel.
Thank
you.
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