Definition | Term | % Correct |
---|---|---|
The "brain" of the computer, processes data to information according to instructions | Central Processing Unit (CPU) | 96%
|
One type of above. Stores executing program instructions and data in unique memory locations that each have address and content. Stored data can be overwritten. Volatile (if power is lost, so are unsaved changes). | Random Access Memory (RAM) | 86%
|
Performs all basic arithmetic, logical, I/O operations | Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) | 78%
|
Other type of two rows above. Like above but holds and data cannot be overwritten (even if power is lost) used to boot computer | Read-Only Memory (ROM) | 78%
|
Divided into L1 and L2, small amount of above that holds most commonly used and accessed information from RAM, making computer system faster. Located closer to CPU than RAM | Cache | 73%
|
Controls retrieval of instructions from primary memory as well as sequence of execution | Control Unit (CU) | 63%
|
Controls computer's hardware resources and provides services for computer programs. Examples: Windows, Mac, Linux | Operating System (OS) | 63%
|
Four stages of machine instruction cycle | Fetch (from primary memory to CU) | 61%
|
Holds address of where processed data will need to be stored | Memory Address Register (MAR) | 61%
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Holds data that will be taken to address that the above is holding. | Memory Data Register (MDR) | 61%
|
Uses two digits (0, 1) to represent numbers. Most widely used number system in CS. Examples: 1=1, 10=2, 100=4, … | Binary number system | 60%
|
Execute (by CPU) | 60%
| |
Uses 16 digits (0-F), A=10, B=11, …, F=15 | Hexadecimal number system | 59%
|
Decode (in CU) | 58%
| |
Basic unit of information in computer systems, carries only either 1 or 0. Eight of these make one Byte. | Bit | 55%
|
Both inputs must be true/on | AND | 53%
|
Uses ten digits (0-9) to represent any number regardless of size | Decimal number system | 53%
|
One or both inputs may be true/on | OR | 53%
|
Inverse of operation #2 | NOR | 51%
|
Inverse of operation #1 | NAND | 50%
|
Small location that can hold data | Register | 50%
|
One input may be true/on but not both | XOR | 50%
|
Inverse of input | NOT | 49%
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Store results in primary memory | 48%
| |
Whole number | Integer | 43%
|
Directly accessible by CPU, holds both data and instructions that are running on computer system. | Primary memory | 40%
|
Character-encoding scheme based on English alphabet. Such characters have values from 0-127, inclusive | ASCII | 38%
|
Allows user to interact with applications in numerous ways. | Graphical User Interface (GUI) | 36%
|
Sequence of characters | String | 36%
|
Represented with RGB values. Example: 3366CC | Colour | 35%
|
Cache located on processor itself | L1 cache | 33%
|
Cache placed between primary memory and processor | L2 cache | 33%
|
May be written to like RAM but non-volatile at the same time. Relatively slow, but high data capacity. Examples of devices: Hard drive, USB, Floppy disc | Secondary memory | 31%
|
Organizes and analyzes data in rows and columns. Also performs mathematical calculations, financial and statistical operations, and graph creation. Example: Microsoft Excel | Spreadsheet | 31%
|
Can access, retrieve, and present content (including web pages, images, videos, etc.) on World Wide Web. Example: Chrome | Web browser | 31%
|
Preferred for main RAM of computer system | Dynamic RAM (DRAM) | 30%
|
Allows exchange of digital messages between author and recipient(s), regardless of whether either is active. | 29%
| |
Real electrical circuit simulating boolean operators | Logic gate | 29%
|
Username/password, magnetic cards, biometric, etc. | Security | 29%
|
Faster but more expensive than above | Static RAM (SRAM) | 29%
|
Character-encoding scheme like above but with more symbols and non-English characters | Unicode | 29%
|
Produces documents. Includes composition, editing, formatting, and sometimes printing. Example: Microsoft Word | Word processor | 28%
|
Organized collection of data and information in the form of rows/records and columns/fields. | Database | 27%
|
Commonly used by engineers and designers, allows creation and modification of a design, which can be viewed from any angle and can convey information on materials and dimensions. Example: Fusion 360 | Computer Aided Design (CAD) | 25%
|
Consists of hardware and software components and follows Input, Process, Output, Storage model | Computer system | 25%
|
Ensuring that one application does not interfere with memory used by other applications so that the latter does not stop functioning or have its data overwritten. | Memory management | 24%
|
Commands are typed into it. Example: CMD, Terminal | Command line interface (CLI) | 23%
|
Displays list of commands to be chosen by user to perform various functions | Menu | 23%
|
Installed by manufacturer, aims to complete tasks. | Software application | 21%
|
Where buttons, icons, menus, and other I/O elements are placed | Toolbar | 18%
|
Represents input and output of complex logical/boolean statements | Truth table | 18%
|
Communicates information to user, allowing them to respond by choosing an option from specific choices. Example: "Do you want to save changes to …?" | Dialogue box | 15%
|
Manages, creates, modifies, and extracts information from above. Example: Microsoft Access | Database management system (DBMS) | 13%
|
User can edit digital images with tools such as moving, cropping, scaling, and erasing. Example: Photoshop | Graphic processing software | 13%
|
Managing connections to and interactions with networks of other computer systems to allow sharing of resources | Networking | 13%
|
Responsibility for communicating directly with peripheral devices such as keyboard, monitor, mouse | Peripheral communication | 12%
|
Where positive numbers start with 0 and negative numbers start with 1 | Two's complement | 12%
|
Keeping track of files stored in memory and discs, as well as files in use by applications | Disc access | 7%
|
Efficient allocation of resources so that application can run as effectively as possible on computer | Resource monitoring | 7%
|
Keep trace of activity of any user in computer system | Log file | 5%
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