A Level Biology - Communicable Diseases

Definition

Keyword

Passing a pathogen from host to new host, with no immediary

Passing a pathogen from an infected individual to an uninfected individual

A large polysaccharide deposit that blocks old phloem sieve tubes

Specialised epithelial tissue that is covered by mucas

Swelling and redness of tissue caused by infection

Those that prevent pathogens entering the body

An organism that carries a pathogen from one host to another

A cell that isolates the antigen from a pathogen and places it on the plasma membrane so that it can be recognised by other cells in the immune system

A microorganism that causes disease

Selection of a specific B or T cell that is specific to the antigen

Passing a pathogen from host to new host, via a vector

A type of white blood cell that engulfs foreign matter and traps it in a large vacuole (phagosome), which fuses with lysosomes to digest the foreign matter

Cells that remain in the blood for a long time, providing long-term immunity

Proteins that bind to the antigen on a pathogen and then allow phagocytes to bind

Specific proteins released by plasma cells that can attach to pathogenic antigens

A chemical which prevents the growth of microorganisms

A more rapid and vigorous response caused by a second or subsequent infection by the same pathogen

A rapid spread of disease through a high proportion of the population

Definition

Keyword

Cells that release signalling molecules to stimulate the immune response

An increase in the number of cells by mitoic cell division

The intial response caused by a first infection

Cells that attack and destroy our own body cells that are infected by a pathogen

Derived from the B lymphocytes, these are cells that manufacture antibodies

Antibodies that render toxins harmless

Cells that remain in the blood for a long time, providing long-term immunity

Immunity that is achieved as a result of medical intervention

Hormone-like molecules used in cell signalling to stimulate the immune response

Signalling molecules that are used to communicate between different white blood cells

Antibodies that cause pathogens to stick together

Where the immune system is activated and manufactures its own antibodies

Immunity achieved when antibodies are passed to the individual through breast feeding or injection

Cells that are involved with inhibiting or ending the immune response

A way of stimulating an immune response so that immunity is achieved

Using a vaccine to provide immunity to all or almost all of the population at risk

Immunity that is achieved through normal life processes

Vaccinating all the people i the immediate vicinity of the new case