Defintion
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Keyword
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A permanent change in behaviour as a result of practise
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Learning
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A temporary occurrence that can change from time to time because of many external and internal influences
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Performance
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First stage of learning used by a novice. Understanding and sub-routines are explored by trail and error
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Cognitive
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Second stage of learning as motor programmes are developed and performance is smoother
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Associative
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Final stage of learning used by an expert when movement is detailed and specific
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Autonomous
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Information to aid error correction
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Feedback
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Type of feedback aka encouragement
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Positive
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Type of feedback aka error correction
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Negative
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Type of feedback from an outside force
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Extrinsic
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Type of feedback from within
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Instrinsic
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Concerns the outcome
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Knowledge of results
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About technique
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Knowledge of performance
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A period of no improvement in performance
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Plateau
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An end-of-task period when performance may get worse
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Drive reduction
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Guidance that can be seen, a demonstration
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Visual
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Type of guidance; An explanation
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Verbal
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Type of guidance; Physical support
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Manual
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Type of guidance; An artificial aid
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Mechanical
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The use of reinforcement to ensure that correct responses are repeated
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Operant Conditioning
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Attempts to explain how actions can be linked to stimuli
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Behaviourist Theory
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An action that promotes a pleasant feeling so that responses are repeated
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Satisfier
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An action that creates unease to promote the avoidance of incorrect responses
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Annoyer
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A pleasant stimulus after the correct response
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Positive Reinforcement
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Taking away an unpleasant stimulus after the correct reponse
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Negative Reinforcement
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An unpleasant stimulus to prevent incorrect actions recurring
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Punishment
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Making the demonstration attractive to the performer
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Attention
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Remembering the demonstration and being able to recall it
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Retention
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Having the mental and physical ability to do the task
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Motor Production
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Having the drive to do the task
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Motivation
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Learning by association with others
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Social development
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Learning from others externally
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Inter-psychological learning
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Learning using others or an MKO to develop knowledge
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Intra-psychological learning
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Building up learning in stages, based on the current level of performance
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Constructivism
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Stage of learning based on the performer's needs, expectations and current level of performance
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Zone of proximal development
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Using experience and understanding to solve problems relating to the whole skill
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Insight learning
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