Philosopher
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Born in...
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Known for e.g.
|
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Laozi
|
Chujen village / State of Chu
|
Daoism, wu wei
|
BCE
|
Mozi
|
Lu / Zhou Kingdom
|
Mohism, authenticity over ritual
|
BCE
|
Diogenes
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Sinope
|
Cynicism, cosmopolitanism
|
BCE
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Aristotle
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Stagira / Chalcidian League
|
Syllogism, virtue ethics
|
BCE
|
Epicurus
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Samos
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Aponia, atomic swerve
|
BCE
|
Chrysippus
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Soli / Cilicia
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Stoicism, pneuma
|
BCE
|
Cicero
|
Arpinum / Roman Republic
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Problem of evil, summum bonum
|
BCE
|
Epictetus
|
Hierapolis / Phrygia
|
Memento mori, philosophy is a way of life
|
1-500 CE
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Augustine of Hippo
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Thagaste / Roman Empire
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Original sin, concuspicence/"sinful lust"
|
1-500 CE
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Boëthius
|
Rome / Kingdom of Italy
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The Wheel of Fortune/Rota fortunae
|
1-500 CE
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Al-Ma'arri
|
al-Ma'arra / Emirate of Aleppo
|
Veganism, opposition to religion
|
500-1000 CE
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Avicenna
|
Afshona / Samanid Empire
|
"Floating man", "Proof of the Truthful"
|
500-1000 CE
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Averroes
|
Córdoba / Almoravid Empire
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Unity of the intellect
|
1000-1500 CE
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Thomas Aquinas
|
Roccasecca / Kingdom of Sicily
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Peripatetic axiom, Double effect
|
1000-1500 CE
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Thomas More
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City of London / England
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Utopia, Hatred/rage for Martin Luther
|
1000-1500 CE
|
Baltasar Gracián
|
Belmonte de Gracián / Spain
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Gracián's maxims, pessimism
|
1500-1800 CE
|
Baruch Spinoza
|
Amsterdam / Dutch Republic
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Affect, Spinozism
|
1500-1800 CE
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Voltaire
|
Paris / Kingdom of France
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Freedom of speech, freedom of religion
|
1500-1800 CE
|
Anton Wilhelm Amo
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Axim
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Critique of Descartes' philosophy of mind
|
1500-1800 CE
|
David Hume
|
Edinburgh / Scotland
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Bundle theory, science of man
|
1500-1800 CE
|
Immanuel Kant
|
Königsberg / Prussia
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Nebular hypothesis, Kantian ethics
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1500-1800 CE
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Arthur Schopenhauer
|
Danzig / Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
|
Schopenhauerian aesthetics, philosophical pessimism
|
1500-1800 CE
|
Søren Kierkegaard
|
Copenhagen / Denmark-Norway
|
Present age, existential despair
|
1800-1900 CE
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Edmund Husserl
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Proßnitz / Austrian Empire
|
Phenomenology, indirect realism
|
1800-1900 CE
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Kitarō Nishida
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Unokema / Japan
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Basho, absolute nothingness
|
1800-1900 CE
|
Rosa Luxemburg
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Zamość / Russian Empire
|
Revolutionary socialist democracy
|
1800-1900 CE
|
Sri Aurobindo
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Calcutta / British raj
|
Supermind, intermediate zone
|
1800-1900 CE
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Ludwig Wittgenstein
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Vienna / Austria-Hungary
|
Language-games, family resemblance
|
1800-1900 CE
|
Albert Camus
|
Mondovi / Algeria
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Absurdism
|
1900-
|
David Sztybel
|
Toronto / Canada
|
Animal ethics
|
1900-
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