Statistics for Edexcel History 2. Industrialisation, Protest, and Unionism

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Answer Stats

Question or Term	Answer	% Correct
The number of frames destroyed in Nottingham by February 1812	1,000	0%
Increase in banks outside London from 1784 to 1808	119 to 800	0%
The length of the normal working day in a mill or factory	12 to 14 hours	0%
The number of joint-stock banks in 1866	154 (850 branches)	0%
The year after which Friendly Societies began to appear	1660	0%
The year that the Bank of England was founded	1694	0%
The years during which Britain was at war with France (excluding the Peace of Amiens)	1793 to 1815	0%
An unsuccessful rebellion in Ireland inspired by the American and French revolutions	1798 Irish Rebellion	0%
An act introduced by Sir Robert Peel the elder applying to apprentices and overseen by justices of the peace, which though poorly enforced limited working hours to 12 hours a day, forbade night working, required ventilation and cleanliness, and required some education	1802 Factory Act	0%
The years in which Luddism was active	1811 to 1816	0%
The last crisis which was strictly a food riot only	1812 Sheffield Food Riots	0%
An act for cotton mills and factories made by Sir Robert Peel the elder on the instigating of Robert Owen in 1815, evidence for which was gathered by a select committee in 1816 chaired by Peel, which forbade employment of children under 9, forbade night working, and limited children's working hours to 12 hours a day	1819 Factory Act	0%
The year of the first meeting of the first national cooperative congress	1831	0%
An act introduced by Whig MP John Hobhouse which forbade night working for those under 21 and set maximum working hours of 12 hours a day for those aged 18 and under	1831 Factory Act	0%
An act based on a royal commission report that, forbade night working and employment of children under 9, set maximum working hours of 9 hours a day for those aged 9 to 13, and 12 hours a day for those aged 13 to 18, and required 2 hours schooling a day for those under 13	1833 Factory Act	0%
The decade in which most historians place the beginning of improvement in living standards	1840's	0%
An act that required 3 hours schooling a day for those 8 to 13 years old, limited working to no more than 6 and a half hours a day for those aged 8 to 13, and 12 hours a day for women, and required dangerous machinery to be fenced	1844 Factory Act	0%
An act that limited working hours for women and those aged 13 to 18 to 10 ten and a half hours a day	1847 Factory Act	0%
An act that limited working hours to 6.00am to 6.00pm for women and young people, and mandated that work stops at 2.00pm on Saturday	1850 Factory Act	0%
The decade in which the power loom came into common use in the wool industry	1860's	0%
An act that extended the provisions of similar previous acts to non-textile factories and workshops	1867 Factory Act	0%
The percentage of land enclosed between 1750 and 1830, mostly located in the Midlands	20%	0%
The increase in the number of spinning factories from 1770 to 1790	20 to 150	0%
The percentage of Lancashire cotton firms that employed over 1,000 workers in 1841	3%	0%
The number of people killed countrywide in the first cholera epidemic - beginning in Sunderland	32,000	0%
The percentage of workers under the age of 19 in 1842	33%	0%
The number of cooperative shops by 1863	332	0%
The percentage of workers under the age of 20 in 1821	49%	0%
The ratio by which friendly societies outnumbered trade unions by 1870	4 to 1	0%
The percentage of the population in towns and cities with over 20,000 people who were born elsewhere by 1851	50%+	0%
The increase in the membership of friendly societies from 1801 to 1850?	600,000 to 2,800,000	0%
The percentage of the population of Birmingham living in back-to-backs in 1801	67%	0%
Increase in cotton imports from 1760 to 1830 in tonnes	8,000 to 1,000,000	0%
Factors beside changes in industry that impacted living standards during the period	Accidental Accompaniments	0%
The transformation of techniques and improvements in agricultural production in the 18th century	Agricultural Revolution	0%
The percentage of the population of Birmingham in receipt of poor relief after the end of the Napoleonic Wars	Almost 20%	0%
A new model union founded in 1860 under secretary Robert Applegarth modelled on the Amalgamated Society of Engineers	Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners	0%
The first new model union, founded and centralised in 1851 under secretary William Allan in London though operating nationally on which many later unions were modelled	Amalgamated Society of Engineers	0%
A paternalistic Tory MP who opposed parliamentary reform but led the call within Parliament for factory reform - a position taken up by John Fielden after he left the Commons - chairing the Committee of the Society for the Improvement of the Condition of the Labouring Classes	Anthony Ashley-Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury (1801 - 1885)	0%
The name given to hand-loom weavers as a result of their booming business between the rise of mechanised spinning and the widespread use of the power loom	Aristocrats of the Labouring Class	0%
The way in which the economy tended to have upturns as in 1842 with increased industrial demand and downturns as in 1847 with the knock-on-effects on industry of the panic of 1847	Boom Bust Cycle	0%
Three acts, from 1852, 1854, and 1857 that set up a system of public cemeteries	Burial Acts	0%
A company established in 1845 by Fergus O'Connor to help working class people set up communities like Connorville and Charterville allowing them to qualify to vote, wound up by Parliament in 1851	Chartist Cooperative Land Company	0%
The epithet given to factories during the industrial revolution	Churches of Industry	0%
An early form of trade union	Combination	0%
An 1825 act that outlawed combinations for anything other than wage increases or working hours and re-imposed sanctions for methods of persuading workers away from work	Combination of Workers Act	0%
An 1875 act by the Conservative government that allowed for peaceful picketing, and for unions to plan strikes in furtherance of a dispute	Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act	0%
Organisations owned by consumers and managed democratically for the needs of members such as the Rochdale Pioneers	Consumer Cooperative	0%
Study which relates the cooperative movements social equality with economic practices	Cooperative Economics	0%
A shop in which people collectively purchased goods wholesale which they sold at market prices with the profits divided amongst members proportionally to how much they had spent in the shop	Cooperative Shop	0%
A small-scale industry usually performed in individual homes or small communities	Cottage Industry	0%
A machine invented in 1793 by Elias Whitney that separated cotton seeds and fibre at the rate of 50 slaves	Cotton Gin	0%
An 1826 act that allowed for the establishment of joint-stock banks that could issue notes, and for the Bank of England to open branches	Country Bankers Act	0%
Institutions outside of London that accepted deposits and offered a means of easy payment between businesses	County Bank	0%
The way in which artisans restricted entry to their craft in an effort to protect their prosperity in the face of suppression of combinations	Craft Exclusivity	0%
An 1871 act passed alongside the Trade Union Act that made picketing illegal, thus complicating the ability to strike successfully	Criminal Law Amendment Act	0%
The tendency of trade depressions or slumps to repeat over time in cycles	Cyclical Depression	0%
An 1875 Conservative government act that amended the 1823 Master and Servant Act by making breach of contract a civil offence for employer and employee alike	Employers and Workmen Act	0%
The process of enclosing land under the open-field-system into private enclosures, increasing efficiency and thus landowner's profits	Enclosure	0%
An owner or manager of industrial and/or business enterprise whose initiatives helps to increase productivity and profit	Entrepreneur	0%
The centralisation of production in one establishment increasingly via mechanisation, beginning in the cotton and iron industries	Factory System	0%
A riot over a shortage or unequal distribution of food	Food Riot	0%
An 1812 act that made the destruction, criminal damage, and entering a building with intent to damage stocking frames a capital offence, repealed in 1814 and effectively reinstated in 1817	Frame Breaking Act	0%
Children working - particularly in mills - who were not apprentices	Free Children	0%
Combinations of workers offering mutual protection through benefits such as insurance which sometimes acted as a cover for activities more akin to those of trade unions	Friendly Societies	0%
A 1793 act requiring codification of friendly society charters and regulation of them in the hope of suppressing them but - but giving them de facto legal recognition - increased their popularity	Friendly Societies Act	0%
A union intended to help workers across different industries	General Union	0%
The leader of the Amalgamated Society of Ladies' Shoemakers	George Odger	0%
An early trade union founded in 1834 by a conference in London headed by Robert Owen espousing cooperation that collapsed in 1834 under disagreements, failed strikes, the case of the Tolpuddle Martyrs, and a strong reaction against it	Grand National Consolidated Trade Union	0%
An 1858 event in London during which hot weather exacerbated the smell of human and industrial effluent in the Thames, in response to which the government instructed Sir Joseph Bazalgette to contruct a new drainage system between 1859 and 1875	Great Stink	0%
The industrial developments and resulting changes of the late 18th and early 19th centuries	Great Transformation	0%
The first factory to use a power loom for weaving cloth, which was attacked and burnt down by hand-loom weavers	Grimshaw's of Manchester	0%
A case that saw trade unions not afforded the same protection of their funds from fraudulent members as friendly societies	Hornby vs Close	0%
The job of women and children in mines involving being chained to, and hauling carts of coal along shafts	Hurrier	0%
The period from the late 18th century to the early-to-mid 19th century in Great Britain characterised by the transformation of the country to an industrial nation	Industrial Revolution	0%
A radical cotton manufacturer from Lancashire, MP after the Great Reform Act, and leading mover behind the 1847 Factories Act in Parliament	John Fielden (1784 - 1849)	0%
Banks owned between shareholders thus allowing for large funds to be generated thereby enabling the development of industrial enterprises	Joint-Stock Bank	0%
The new model union leaders who acted as a sort of cabinet for the trade union movement in the 1860's	Junta	0%
A worker opposed to strikes and militancy, as well as those brought in to break up strikes (strike breakers)	Knobstick/Nob/Black-un	0%
An 1858 act that abolished the Board of Health, transferring its functions to a new Local Government Act Office and to a new medical department of the Privy Council	Local Government Act	0%
An important trade council established in 1860, formed in response to the London builders' dispute, with over 100,000 affiliates by the mid 1860's	London Trades Council	0%
An 1869 report arising from the 1867-69 royal commission signed by eight commissioners which recommended legalisation of trade unions subject to restrictions such as a separation of general funds and strike funds	Majority Report	0%
An 1823 act that made breach of contract by workers against employers a criminal offence punishable by prison, but by employers against workers a civil offence	Master and Servant Act	0%
The process whereby machinery replaced manual production processes	Mechanisation	0%
A paternalistic Tory MP, opponent of parliamentary reform, but strong supporter of improvement in agricultural working conditions and for factory working conditions, especially for children	Michael Sadler (1780 - 1835)	0%
The first union of miners founded in 1842 with a rise in trade but which collapsed during the coal industry depression of 1847-48	Miners' Association of Great Britain and Ireland	0%
An 1842 act that banned females, and children under 10 from working underground	Mines Act	0%
An 1869 report arising from the 1867-69 royal commission signed by three commissioners including junta nominee Frederic Harrison, recommending full legalisation of trade unions, repeal of criminal sections of the 1825 Combination of Workmen Act, and security of funds from fraud	Minority Report	0%
The belief that wellbeing depends on mutual support rather than competition	Mutualism	0%
An early general union founded in 1830 by John Doherty which though initially successful faded by 1832 over disagreements and the end of their paper 'The Voice of the People'	National Association for the Protection of Labour	0%
A model village where mills were run on humanitarian grounds by David Dale and Robert Owen	New Lanark	0%
Larger, moderate, anti-Owenite, anti-Chartist unions of skilled workers formed in the mid 19th century committed to negotiation rather than militancy	New Model Unions	0%
Those industries in which technical innovations and inventions were key to increasing output and profit	New-Technology Industries	0%
A 1797 naval mutiny on the Thames desiring better pay, conditions, and peace with France, ultimately defeated	Nore Mutiny	0%
The increasing divide between the more rural south - excluding London - and the rest of the country	North South Divide	0%
A large national friendly society	Oddfellows	0%
Historians who have emphasised the way in which the industrial revolution resulted in improved standards of living, better educational opportunities, and greater economic security	Optimists	0%
Those beliefs and activities as promoted by Robert Owen	Owenism	0%
A banking crisis and economic downturn caused by the bursting of the 'railway mania' bubble resulting in the collapse of many local unions	Panic of 1847	0%
The practice of providing for people's needs without giving them rights or responsibilities	Paternalism	0%
Laws left to local authorities to decide whether or not to implement	Permissive Legislation	0%
Historians who have emphasised the way in which the industrial revolution damaged lives and people's opportunities	Pessimists	0%
The job of children, employed to wind together broken cotton threads on moving machinery	Piecener	0%
A machine invented in 1785 by Edmund Cartwright - run off James Watt's steam engine from 1789 - that was the beginning of the end for the highly lucrative domestic weaving industry	Power Loom	0%
An act passing powers or benefits to individuals or bodies rather than the general public, used especially by local authorities to promote change or reform	Private Act of Parliament	0%
An 1848 piece of permissive legislation that established a Board of Health	Public Health Act	0%
William Cartwright's mill at Brighouse, West Riding of Yorkshire, which was unsuccessfully attacked by 200 Luddites in April 1812 resulting in the deaths of two Luddites	Rawford Mill	0%
Wages evaluated in terms of purchasing power rather than the amount of money paid	Real Wages	0%
An 1842 report by Edwin Chadwick revealing the squalid living conditions of the working classes as supported by a subsequent royal commission report	Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britain	0%
A paternalistic Tory, and campaigner from Leeds, a key mover behind the Ten Hour Movement and writer of Yorkshire Slavery	Richard Oastler (1789 - 1861)	0%
A self-made Welshman and cotton mill manager, made a partner in his father-in-law David Dale's mill at New Lanark, who advocated for humane approached in factories and cooperation rather than competition as laid out in his 1813-16 work 'A New View of Society'	Robert Owen (1771 - 1858)	0%
A paternalistic Tory MP and industrialist who pushed for reform of the treatment and positions of children in factories	Robert Peel, 1st Baronet (1750 - 1830)	0%
An internally democratic, professional consumer cooperative, promoting honesty, quality, welfare, etc.	Rochdale Pioneers	0%
An investigation into the activities and legal standing of trade unions in response to growing trade union activity, the Sheffield Outrages, and the enfranchisement of skilled working men by the 1867 Reform Act, producing both a majority and minority report	Royal Commission of 1867 - 69	0%
An 1832 bill for factory reform by Michael Sadler held up till the end of the parliamentary session forcing its withdrawal, due to Parliament's insisting on a special committee report on the subject	Sadler's Bill	0%
An 1866 well enforced act that made sanitation inspections and recording of said inspections compulsory for local corporations	Sanitary Act	0%
A bank where people deposit savings to collect interest with numbers increasing from 6 to 408 after protective legislation was passed in 1817 to 1828	Savings Bank	0%
The job of children in mills, employed to collect fallen cotton from beneath machinery	Scavenger	0%
The belief that people should rely on themselves not on the state, as supported by the cooperative movement	Self Help	0%
The notion that men and women occupied fundamentally different roles in society	Separate Spheres	0%
A series of explosions and murders by militant trade unionists in Sheffield in 1866 particularly by William Broadhead, who paid two workmen £5 to murder an employer for employing more apprentices (practically cheap labour)	Sheffield Outrages	0%
A painted block hung above ever work station in New Lanark, coloured depending on independent effort as a replacement for punishment, encouraging better performance without causing a master/worker divide	Silent Monitor	0%
Crowded urbanisations, consisting mostly of back-to-backs, that were home to the poor	Slums	0%
A spinning frame invented in 1764 by James Hargreaves allowing one operator to work up to 8 spindles	Spinning Jenny	0%
A machine invented in 1779 by Samuel Crompton, originally hand operated but by the 1790's water or steam powered, with up to 400 spindles effectively killing the domestic spinning industry by 1800	Spinning Mule	0%
Unemployment as a result of a mismatch between the skills workers have and the jobs actually available	Structural Unemployment	0%
A movement which saw alcohol and drunkenness as barriers to working class improvement	Temperance Movement	0%
A movement calling for a maximum ten hour day, beginning in Yorkshire, led by paternalistic Tories Richard Oastler, Michael Sadler, and Anthony Ashley-Cooper	Ten Hour Movement	0%
A trade union paper edited by George Potter, published from 1861 to 1878 supportive of new model unions as well as strike action, earning it the ire of moderates like the junta	The Beehive	0%
A paper workers had to sign renouncing trade unions	The Document	0%
The year 1816-17	The Year without a Summer	0%
A Bradford based woollen manufacturer who implemented a ten hour day in his mills and founded the model town and mill of Saltaire in the Owenite belief that good working conditions and wholesome living would increase productivity	Titus Salt (1803 - 1876)	0%
Associations of trade unions within a certain geographic area	Trade Councils	0%
An organisation representative of trade unions nationally, founded in 1868 with the convening of a general trades congress of 24 delegates representing 118,000 union members by Samuel Nicholson, president of the Manchester and Salford Traders Council, largely shunned by the London Traders Council	Trades Union Congress	0%
An 1871 act under Gladstone and liberal Sir William Erle that legalised trade unions along the line of the minority report	Trade Union Act	0%
The form in which wages were frequently paid	Truck Tickets	0%
A forerunner of the Trades Union Congress founded on the work of William Dronfield in 1866 which collapsed largely due to treasurer William Broadhead's role in the Sheffield Outrages	United Kingdom Alliance of Organised Trades	0%
A belief by people like Robert Owen that ideal societies of cooperation could be established among like-minded people within the existing society	Utopian Socialism	0%
A spinning frame invented in 1768 by Richard Arkwright allowing for the spinning of 128 threads at a time and the founding of the factory system in textiles	Water Frame	0%
A mill owner, and critic of the Luddites who was assassinated in Huddersfield in 1812 under the leadership of George Mellor	William Horsfall	0%
A series of letters by Richard Oastler to the Leeds Mercury in 1830 which was unabashedly critical of the working conditions for children in Worsted Mills in Bradford	Yorkshire Slavery	0%
1813 show trials of 64 men charged as Luddites in a crackdown after William Horsfall's murder, of which 17 were executed	York Trials	0%