Edexcel Politics 4. The Executive & Institutional Relations

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A legal principle meaning 'exceeding one's power', used in cases where a public body has acted beyond its legal authority

The principle that ministers are responsible for their own conduct as well as the policies and decisions of their department regardless of their own involvement and should resign in the event of serious errors, or poor conduct

The moving of MP's between and into Cabinet positions during an administration

Those powers of the prime minister to appoint government ministers and nominate people for life peerages and honours

The number of the twelve Supreme Court judges that went to Oxford or Cambridge Universities as of June 2020

Law declared by a court on the concept of fairness where no existing law can be found

A 2009 appeal heard by the European Court of Human Rights, finding in favour of a man who claimed sex discrimination in the provision of the 'widow's benefit', after which UK law was effectively changed

The Defence Secretary who was sacked for conduct - namely due to evidence he supposedly leaked from a National Security Council meeting - on the 1st May 2019

A style of governing often associated with Tony Blair in which policy making is controlled by the Prime Minister by conducting informal meetings with colleagues outside Cabinet with the help of political advisors

A 2016 High Court case, brought on appeal before the Supreme Court, in which both ruled that the government did not have the prerogative powers to trigger Article 50 of the EU, only Parliament in lieu of it being sovereign, due to it affecting the rights of EU citizens

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Answer

That policy introduced in Scotland in 1989 and England and Wales in 1990 which proved instrumental in the downfall of Margaret Thatcher due to its regressive nature

The twelve crossbenchers from the House of Lords who acted as the highest court in the UK until the 2005 Constitutional Reform Act became active in 2009

Boris Johnson's Special Advisor accused of being excessively powerful, having lead the Vote Leave campaign and played a significant role in orchestrating the Cabinet reshuffle of February 2020

That court based in Strasbourg though not part of the European Union in which human rights cases can be heard

A sovereign body of the European Union that meets twice per annum, composed of the heads of government of European Union member states that ratifies important decisions and occasionally agrees new treaties

The years in which the Labour and Conservative parties respectively introduced formal elections for party leadership as opposed to a consultation process

That successor to the Law Lords who hold more authority than the latter due to its separation of powers and greater transparency in appointments

The policies promoting and facilitating European Union economic integration and development through grants, subsidies, and a shared currency - for those eurozone member states

Those individuals who usually chair public inquiries due to their experience of such issues and their independence from government

That party centred issue which determines the strength of the Prime Minister's power in Parliament