MODA Cardiovascular and Renal Pharmacology Human Specific

Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Angina, Dysrhythmia

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Last updated: May 28, 2023

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First submitted	May 28, 2023
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Hint		Answer
Anti-hypertensives	Diuretic	Furosemide
	ACE Inhibitor	Ramipril
	beta blocker	Atenolol
	Calcium Blocker	Verapamil
	Potassium Channel Opener Opens K-ATP Hirsutism Severe Refractory Hypertension	Minoxidil
	Sulphonylurea	Glibenclamide
	a2 antagonist (Gi --> ↓NT Release)	Clonidine
	Imidazoline Receptor Agonist I1R is central GPCR -> ↑DAG + ArachAcid	Moxonidine
	False Transmitter, a2 agonist	aMethylDOPA
Atherosclerosis	HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitor impairs cholesterol synth ↑LDL uptake in liver	Arvostatin
SREBP/SCAP Pathway	on what gene	INSIG
	SCAP are	chaperones
	Leaves ER to	Golgi
	Cleaved twice to release a ___ type TF	bHLH
	PCSK9 inhibitor Prevents recyling of LDL Familial Hypercholesterolaemia is LDLR mutation	Evolocumab
	PCSK9 inhibitor (siRNA)	Inclisiran
	Fibrate - ↑lipoprotein lipase to release TAGs from VLDL to be absorbed by muscles	Bezafibrate
Reverse Cholesterol Transport Pathway	PPAR Agonist PPAR -> ↑Liver X Receptors -> ↑ABCA1 ->↑HDL	Pioglitazone

Hint		Answer
	Bile reabsorption inhibitor	Cholestyramine
	Inhibits intestinal cholesterol uptake (enterogepatic recirculation)	Ezetimibe
	Inhibits citrate production (needed +CoA to make cholesteol)	Bempedoic Acid
	Stops liver TAG production and VLDL secretion + anticoagulative	nicotinic acid
	reduces hypertriglyceridaemia cia arachidonic acid replacement	fish oil
Angina	Collateral Vasodilator Liver converts to mononitrate (induces NO production)	Glyceryl trinitrate
	Non-collateral vasodilator (diverts blood way from ischaemic region)	Dipyridamole
	beta antagonist	atenolol
	calcium blocker	verapamil
	Funny current blocker (via HCN)	Ivabradine
	Late Na Current blocker, ↓NCX -> ↓Ca overload -> relaxation not impaired	Ranolazine
Reperfusion Injury	Ischaemia creates ROS and	AMP
	AMP leads to activation of	PKC
	which opens	K-ATP
	Which opens ____ in the mitochondria (close in ischaemia to prevent damage)	MPTP
	Treat with ATP preservation drug or by opening K-ATP channels	Nicorandil
	also treat with bypass or	stents
Anti-dysrhythmics	Gi coupled -> increased K-ATP	Adenosine

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