Definition
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Term
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The patterns and materials of thinking and behaving
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Culture
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Conflicting expectations within a single role
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Role strain
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The degree to which those in a social system identify with it and feel bound to support it, willingness to cooperate to survive and prosper
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Social Cohesion
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Close knit, don't go outside the group -type of social capital
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Bonding social capital
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The ties between groups. Your network of people and resources- type of social capital
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Bridging social capital
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5 key characteristics of Mcdonaldization
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Minimizing the time taken on tasks
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Efficiency
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Being able to know what you're going to get
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Predictability
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The same measurements and weights
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Calculability
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Nonhuman technology
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Monitoring people, organization of restaurant
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Control
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Multiple Capitals
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Includes factories, schools, roads, community centers and habitat restoration. Al contribute building other capitals for communities.
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Built capital
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Includes values, beliefs and attitudes that are passes along to us. Also "embodied" capital such as an accent.
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Cultural capital
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The skills and abilities of each individual within a community
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Human capital
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Consists of money used for investment rather than for consumption
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Financial capital
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The landscape, air water, soil and biodiversity
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Natural capital
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The ability of a group to influence the distribution of resources within a small unit, including helping to determine what resources are available and who is eligible to receive them
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Political capital
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Includes the networks, norms of reciprocity and manual trust that exist among and within a group and communities
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Social capital
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Conflicted expectations between two or more statuses/roles
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Role Conflict
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Theory: Multiple social identities combine to modify a person's status in society. Not all identities are equally influential. There is a "piece of the oppressor in all of us"
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Intersections Theory
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The top 1/5th of the U.S population had a household income over what (aprox)?
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$100,000
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Established or standardized patterns of rule-governed behavior
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Social institutions
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Purposes for Incarceration
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People are scared to go to jail, so they don't commit a crime
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Deterence
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Rehabilitate the prisoners
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Protect the citizens
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Pay for what they've done
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Punishment
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Reasons for high incarceration rates in the U.S.
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Longer sentencing
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Mandatory minimum sentencing
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Incarceration for "public" order crimes
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Careful documentation
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The direct or connotative meaning of what's said
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Expression given
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What could be implied from the given statement
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Expression given off
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Focuses on individuals and their interactions
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Micro level
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Focuses on social structures, problems and inter relationships
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Macro level
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Movement between different positions within social stratification
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Social mobility
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People's capacity to make decisions
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Human agency
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A quality of mind that involves shifting or combining perspectives in order to develop useful ideas about what is going on in the world
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Sociological imagination
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When things become popular before certain things are set in place. ex. cars before roads
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Cultural lag
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A level or layer of reality. Constrains and coerces us in everyday life
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The Social
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The process of an individual or group learning norms and customs of a society through social interaction
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Socialization
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What all cultures have in common. ex: Dancing, body decoration, rights of passage, incest taboo
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Cultural universals
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Laws, deliberately restrict minorities
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Institutional discrimination
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The chances people have to get ahead (opportunities)
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Life chances
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Formulized behaviors or actions the group members regularly engage in
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Rituals
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The evaluation of cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one culture
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Ethnocentrism
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Expected behaviors
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Social roles
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Relations between groups in regard to the hierarchal organization of status into the roles regulating behavior
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Social Structures
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When individuals in a group who act together without any planned action
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Heard behavior
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Harm from trying to be efficient
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Irrationality of rationality
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One does not always cause the other
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"Correlation is not causation"
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Longing for something in the past
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Nostalgia trap
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Set of rules about how to be a good man
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The man box
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The process of learning the social expectations and attitudes associated with one's sex
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Gender socialization
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Decision-making by a group, especially characterized by uncritical acceptance or conformity to a perceived majority view
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Group think
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Socio-economic layering of society's members, according to property, power and prestige
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Social stratification
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The causes and consequences of social behavior. Awareness of the patterns in how characteristics and resources are distributed
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Sociology
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Unintended functions
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Latent functions
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Apparent/intended functions
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Manifest functions
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Ideas about the world and how it works
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Social construction
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Theory: If people get together and define it is real, then it is and it has consequences
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The W.I. Thomas theory
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