The question explicitly states "water." This is the definition of a (small c) calorie. The calories can measure specific heat, among other things. There is nothing wrong with this question, even if you take a very pedantic perspective.
The answer to "The process by which species become new species" is wrong. Evolution is the process by which species change, but speciation is the process by which new species are created. Everything is constantly evolving, but that doesn't mean new species are being created.
I just have to say that species are not created, they appear naturally because of mutations. Evolution is the process of natural selection that acts upon these mutated "new species", accordingly to their fitness to survive. The process through a previous ancestor splitting into two or more different species is called speciation.
An atom does have a charge, if it's an ion. If an atom has the same number of electrons as it does protons, then it has no (net) charge. However, if it gains one or more electrons, then the atom gets a negative charge. If it loses one or more electrons, then it gets a positive charge. Either way, we call the resulting charged atom an ion.
I am compelled to be pedantic with the question about catalysts. They increase the rate of a chemical reaction but crucially are not consumed in the reaction. There are many things that speed up reactions but only a catalyst isn't also used up
I just have to say that species are not created, they appear naturally because of mutations. Evolution is the process of natural selection that acts upon these mutated "new species", accordingly to their fitness to survive. The process through a previous ancestor splitting into two or more different species is called speciation.
"We've got this amazing thing known as electricity that powers our world, turns night into day, propels us at speeds you can't imagine..."
"Amazing! Tell us how it works!"
"Uh, actually I don't know. Get me a kite and key. I'm sure I can figure this out. Anyone know if it's supposed to rain this week?"