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Question
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Answer
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When did the Americans establish a settlement there?
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1848
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When did the French?
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1849
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What was established in 1854?
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Shanghai municipal council
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What was the role of this organisation by the 1860s?
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De facto government of Shanghai
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How much opium was traded via Shanghai in 1880?
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6500 Tons
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How did the Taiping rebellion also fuel trade in Shanghai?
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Gun trade
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How many Chinese were estimated to have died in this rebellion?
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20-30 Million
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Which engineer designed and built the Suez Canal?
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Ferdinand de Lesseps
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How much did it cost? (In French francs)
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433 million francs
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How long did construction take?
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10 Years
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Which kind of ships were able to operate on the canal?
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Steam
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By how much did steam tonnage entering the canal from the east increase between 1868 and 1874? (Percentage)
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178%
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By 1874, how much of the tonnage passing through the canal was British?
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3/4
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Which colonies did the canal shorten the route to? (3 Places)
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India, China, Australia
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What was the British concern about the ownership and operation of the canal?
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Didn’t like the fact it was French majority owned and operated
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When did Disraeli purchase the Suez Canal Shares from the bankrupt Khedive?
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1875
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What sum of money did he pay for these shares? (In pounds)
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£4,000,000
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What percentage did GB now own?
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45%
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What were the returns on this investment by 1911? (Percentage)
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33%
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How many tons of material passed through the canal in that year (1911)?
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Over 18,000,000
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Why was Gladstone upset with Disreali? (1)
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Thought ownership of the Suez would result in Britain being dragged into Egyptian affairs
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Why was Gladstone upset with Disreali? (2)
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Did not like the fact he had borrowed the money privately
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True or false. Zanzibar was an entrepot before British involvement?
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True
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Why were the British interested in Zanzibar from as early as 1815?
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To protect the trade route around the Cape
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How many slaves would be traded through Zanzibar annually, before 1822?
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50,000
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When did the British pressure the Sultan to ban slavery in Zanzibar? (Slave exporting)
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1822
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When was slavery banned completely in Zanzibar?
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1873
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What 4 things were traded via Zanzibar?
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Ivory, rubber, cloves, spice
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What were import duties fixed to in 1844 in order to encourage trade in Zanzibar? (as a percentage)
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5%
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Which other imperial power was interested in Zanzibar?
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Germany
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Who had tried to set up a trade route between Zanzibar and Aden in 1878?
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William Mackinnon
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This failed but when Germany became involved, he was encouraged to try again. What association did he create?
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British East Africa Association
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The association never returned a profit. What were its costs and takings in 1892?
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£85,000 to £35,000
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What was the key motivation for Britain having a foothold in Zanzibar?
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Worried that another power could divert the Nile or force Britain out of Egypt
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In what year did Germany and Britain agree that Zanzibar would be British?
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1890
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What did the Germans gain as a concession?
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A small island in the North Sea
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What did Salisbury say about Zanzibar’s protectorate status?
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“More acceptable for the half civilised races and more suitable to them”
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Why did the British bomb Zanzibar in 1896, in a “war” that lasted only 38 minutes?
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The Sultan died and his anti-British successor was not liked
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When did the British lease Wei Hei?
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1898
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Which empire was Britain seeking to undermine by doing so?
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Russia
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What “game” was Britain playing with Russia?
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The Great Game
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Which other port had the above empire taken?
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Port Arthur
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What is the meaning of the word Geopolitics?
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Taking land to prevent other powers from doing so
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How much commercial value did WeiHaiWei have?
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None
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How long did Britain say they would lease would last?
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“For as long as Russia should occupy Port Arthur”
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The British coal industry reached its peak in 1913. How much was it exporting?
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94 million tons
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In the same year, what percentage of the textiles trade belonged to Britain?
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70%
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By the middle of the 1800s, how much did Britain export to Latin America (in terms of percentage)?
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7%
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What factor allowed Britain greater access to Latin American markets?
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Some former Spanish colonies had broken away from the Iberian colonial system
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What goods did Britain import from India by 1900?
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Iron, steel, engineering goods
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Explain as briefly as possible the impact Industrialisation had on Britain and her trading patterns.
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Desire for cheap raw materials may explain Britain’s drive to access new markets and colonies
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Give a statistic to illustrate population change in Britain across the period of Industrialisation. (1)
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Manchester population, 2.3 million by 1911
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Give a statistic to illustrate population change in Britain across the period of Industrialisation. (2)
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Britain, 30.5 million by 1901
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Britain declined as an Industrial power with the onset of competition from which other powers by the eve of the First World War? (name 3)
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Germany, USA, Japan
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How much of the world’s industrial output was British on the eve of the First World War? (Percentage)
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27%
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