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1.
Afghanistan
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
2.
Albania
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
3.
Algeria
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
4.
Andorra
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
2 Co-Princes
5.
Angola
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
6.
Antigua and Barbuda
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
7.
Argentina
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
8.
Armenia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
9.
Australia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
10.
Austria
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
11.
Azerbaijan
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
12.
Bahamas
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
13.
Bahrain
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
14.
Bangladesh
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
15.
Barbados
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
16.
Belarus
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
17.
Belgium
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
18.
Belize
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
19.
Benin
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
20.
Bhutan
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
21.
Bolivia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
22.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
3-member Presidency as collective head of state
23.
Botswana
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
24.
Brazil
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
25.
Brunei
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
26.
Bulgaria
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
27.
Burkina Faso
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
28.
Burundi
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
29.
Cambodia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
30.
Cameroon
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
31.
Canada
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
32.
Cape Verde
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
33.
Central African Republic
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
34.
Chad
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
Interim President
35.
Chile
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
36.
China
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
37.
Colombia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
38.
Comoros
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
39.
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
40.
Republic of the Congo
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
41.
Costa Rica
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
42.
Croatia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
43.
Cuba
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
44.
Cyprus
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
45.
Czechia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
46.
Denmark
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
47.
Djibouti
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
48.
Dominica
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
49.
Dominican Republic
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
50.
East Timor
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
51.
Ecuador
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
52.
Egypt
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
53.
El Salvador
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
54.
Equatorial Guinea
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
55.
Eritrea
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
56.
Estonia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
57.
Eswatini
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
58.
Ethiopia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
59.
Fiji
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
60.
Finland
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
61.
France
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
62.
Gabon
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
63.
Gambia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
64.
Georgia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
65.
Germany
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
66.
Ghana
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
67.
Greece
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
68.
Grenada
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
69.
Guatemala
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
70.
Guinea
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
71.
Guinea-Bissau
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
72.
Guyana
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
73.
Haiti
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
74.
Honduras
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
75.
Hungary
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
76.
Iceland
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
77.
India
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
78.
Indonesia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
79.
Iran
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
De Facto head of state: Supreme Leader; formal head of state: no title
80.
Iraq
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
81.
Ireland
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
82.
Israel
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
83.
Italy
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
84.
Ivory Coast
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
85.
Jamaica
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
86.
Japan
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
Emperor(legally no head of state)
87.
Jordan
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
88.
Kazakhstan
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
89.
Kenya
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
90.
Kiribati
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
91.
Kosovo
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
92.
Kuwait
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
93.
Kyrgyzstan
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
94.
Laos
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
95.
Latvia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
96.
Lebanon
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
97.
Lesotho
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
98.
Liberia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
99.
Libya
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
3-member Presidential Council as collective head of state
100.
Liechtenstein
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
101.
Lithuania
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
102.
Luxembourg
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
Grand Duke/Grand Duchess
103.
Madagascar
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
104.
Malawi
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
105.
Malaysia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
106.
Maldives
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
107.
Mali
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
108.
Malta
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
109.
Marshall Islands
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
110.
Mauritania
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
111.
Mauritius
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
112.
Mexico
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
113.
F. S. Micronesia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
114.
Moldova
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
115.
Monaco
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
116.
Mongolia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
117.
Montenegro
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
118.
Morocco
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
119.
Mozambique
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
120.
Myanmar
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
121.
Namibia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
122.
Nauru
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
123.
Nepal
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
124.
Netherlands
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
125.
New Zealand
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
126.
Nicaragua
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
127.
Niger
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
128.
Nigeria
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
129.
North Korea
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
De Facto head of state: President of the State Affairs Commission; Formally Head of state: Eternal President
130.
North Macedonia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
131.
Norway
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
132.
Oman
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
133.
Pakistan
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
134.
Palau
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
135.
Panama
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
136.
Papua New Guinea
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
137.
Paraguay
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
138.
Peru
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
139.
Philippines
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
140.
Poland
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
141.
Portugal
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
142.
Qatar
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
143.
Romania
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
144.
Russia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
145.
Rwanda
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
146.
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
147.
Saint Lucia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
148.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
149.
Samoa
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
O le Ao o le Malo
150.
San Marino
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
2 Captains Regent
151.
São Tomé and Príncipe
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
152.
Saudi Arabia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
153.
Senegal
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
154.
Serbia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
155.
Seychelles
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
156.
Sierra Leone
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
157.
Singapore
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
158.
Slovakia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
159.
Slovenia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
160.
Solomon Islands
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
161.
Somalia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
162.
South Africa
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
163.
South Korea
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
164.
South Sudan
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
165.
Spain
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
166.
Sri Lanka
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
167.
Sudan
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
Eleven-member Sovereignty Council als collective head of state
168.
Suriname
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
169.
Sweden
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
170.
Switzerland
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
7-Member Federal Council as collective head of state
171.
Syria
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
172.
Taiwan
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
173.
Tajikistan
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
174.
Tanzania
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
175.
Thailand
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
176.
Togo
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
177.
Tonga
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
178.
Trinidad and Tobago
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
179.
Tunisia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
180.
Turkey
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
181.
Turkmenistan
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
182.
Tuvalu
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
183.
Uganda
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
184.
Ukraine
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
185.
United Arab Emirates
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
186.
United Kingdom
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
187.
United States
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
188.
Uruguay
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
189.
Uzbekistan
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
190.
Vanuatu
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
191.
Vatican City
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
Sovereign
192.
Venezuela
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
193.
Vietnam
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
194.
Yemen
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
195.
Zambia
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓
196.
Zimbabwe
Multiple/Collective Head of state
✓