Fossils and Geologic Time

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Last updated: October 26, 2022

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First submitted	October 26, 2022
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Hint	Answer
A record of Earth's history from 4.6 bya to the present	Geologic time scale
Age of the Earth	4.6 byo
What rock is put down in horizontal layers?	Sedimentary
Law stating that the oldest rock layers are on the bottom, and get younger going up	Law of Superposition
Gaps in the rock sequence	Unconformities
Stratified rock rests upon a layer of weathered unstratified rock	Nonconformity
Rocks deposited in horizontal layers are folded or tilted, then eroded	Angular Unconformity
Rocks were exposed and eroded then new layers were deposited on top	Disconformity
Law stating a fault or intrusion is always younger than the surrounding rock	Law of crosscutting
What can be determined by the rate at which a stream erodes its bed?	Age of the stream
What are alternating layers of dark and light rock particles?	Varves
Looking at the amount of a radioactive isotope and the daughter material	Radioactive decay
The amount of time it takes for one half an isotope to decay	Half-life
What is found almost exclusively in sedimentary rock?	Fossils
What is the preservation of organisms?	Original Remains
Types of original remains	Mummification
	Amber
	Tar seeps
	Freezing
Original organic material replaced by new materials	Petrified Remains
What must happen in order for an organism to become a fossil?	Covered quickly and completely
Preserved 'footprint' of an organism	Trace fossils
A thin carbon residue outline left after heat and pressure force liquid and gases out	Carbonaceous Film
Cavity left when an organism dies and decays	Mold
Fossil formed when natural cements fill in mold and harden	Cast
Fossilized waste material	Coprolites
Fossilized stones some dinos used in digestion	Gastroliths
Fossils found exclusively in rock layers of a certain geologic age	Index fossils
Largest period of geologic time	Eon

Hint	Answer
Second largest period of geologic time	Era
Third largest	Period
Smallest	Epoch
Three eras	Paleozoic
	Mesozoic
	Cenozoic
Organisms developed what during Paleozoic era?	Hard parts
Longest geologic time unit of Earth's history	Precambrian
Periods of above	Cambrian
	Ordovician
	Silurian
	Devonian
	Mississippian
	Pennsylvanian
	Permian
What happened during Permian period?	Mass extinctions
Periods of Cenozoic era	Tertiary
	Quaternary
Periods of Mesozoic era	Triassic
	Jurassic
	Cretaceous
What evolved during Quaternary?	Humans
What broke up during Triassic?	Pangaea
What appeared during Jurassic?	Birds
What appeared during Cambrian?	Invertebrates
What appeared during Ordovician?	Vertebrates
What evolved during Silurian?	Spiders and millipedes
Silurian is also called?	Age of fishes
What occurred during Cenozoic?	Ice Ages

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