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Security forces unlawfully fired live ammunition and metal pellets to crush protests, killing hundreds of men, women and children and injuring thousands. Thousands of people were arbitrarily detained and/or unfairly prosecuted solely for peacefully exercising their human rights.
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Iran
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In April, artist Aleksandra Skochilenko was arrested and remanded on charges of “disseminating deliberately false information” about the armed forces. She faced up to 10 years’ imprisonment for replacing price tags with anti-war messages in a supermarket in Saint Petersburg.
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Russia
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Large numbers of people were detained for participating in peaceful protests against Covid-19 restrictions following the fatal apartment fire in Urumqi in November.
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China
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In September, imprisoned leaders Ales Bialiatski, Valyantsin Stefanovich and Uladzimir Labkovich faced new trumped-up public disorder charges. On 7 October Ales Bialiatski was co-awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
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Belarus
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Since the introduction of the Reactionary Thought and Culture Denunciation Law, issued in December 2020, the crackdown on accessing foreign information and punishment for violators continued. Teenagers were reportedly executed for watching and sharing a South Korean TV show.
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North Korea
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The government refused to assign a place of safety for disembarkation to hundreds of rescued people on board NGO rescue ships and then attempted to introduce a selection process for disembarkation.
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Italy
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Intelligence services and other security forces, with the acquiescence of the judicial system, continued to arbitrarily detain, torture and otherwise ill-treat those perceived to be opponents of the government of Nicolás Maduro.
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Venezuela
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On 5 December, a court in Baghdad sentenced activist Hayder Hamid al-Zaidi to three years in prison under article 226 of the Penal Code for a tweet deemed to mock a deceased PMU leader.
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Iraq
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On Samos, authorities continued to illegally detain some of the asylum seekers residing in the EU-funded “closed-controlled island facility”, by preventing them from exiting.
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Greece
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Only men can be legal guardians under this law, and women must have a male guardian’s permission to marry and are then obliged to obey their husband.
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Saudi Arabia
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In July, the gang rape and robbery of eight women in Krugersdorp, Gauteng Province, shone a spotlight on the increase in sexual offences and violence against women.
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South Africa
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Before April, the Saudi Arabia-led coalition and Huthi forces conducted indiscriminate attacks that killed and injured civilians and destroyed and damaged civilian objects, including health and education facilities and telecommunication infrastructure.
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Yemen
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The first executions since the 1980s took place in July. Phyo Zeya Thaw, a parliamentarian and NLD member, prominent democracy activist Kyaw Min Yu (also known as Ko Jimmy), Hla Myo Aung and Aung Thura Zaw were executed following secretive trials in military tribunals.
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Myanmar
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In May, the Foundation for Press Freedom (FLIP) expressed alarm at the arbitrary detention of journalists Luis Ángel and Luna Mendoza, who were covering the high-profile murder of Paraguayan prosecutor Marcelo Pecci near the city of Cartagena.
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Colombia
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The authorities’ violent response to people’s attempts to cross the border between Melilla and Morocco resulted in deaths, torture and unlawful expulsions.
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Spain
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