|
Hint
|
Answer
|
THE BUDDHA Theravada belief about the nature of the Buddha |
historical and non contactable, teacher not god
|
|
Therevada belief about images of the Buddha
|
reminders of the buddha and help focus of spiritual qualities
|
|
Theravada belief about the Buddha as a role model
|
a principle rather than a person and has authority as an advanced spiritual being
|
|
Denise Kush quote of nirvana and the buddha
|
the buddha gave us the map to nirvana but we must get there ourselves
|
|
Mahayana belief about nature of the Buddha
|
remains active and can be accessed through meditations and visions
|
|
Mahayana belief about images of the Buddha
|
images are "infused with the power of the being they represent"
|
|
compassion
|
karuna
|
|
buddhist belief about compassion
|
compassion for all living things not just humans
|
|
skilful means
|
upaya kusala
|
|
unskilful means
|
akusala
|
|
mahayana sutra about upaya kusala
|
parable of the burning house
|
|
the wisest disciple of the buddha in therevadan tradition
|
sariputra
|
|
mahayana attitude towards him
|
believe he is the voice of the inferior tradition
|
|
presentation of him in the lotus sutra
|
counterpoint to the wisdom of the teacher
|
|
the buddha teaching about skilful means
|
adapt teachings to suit the receiver
|
|
3 refuges definition
|
the buddha the dharma the sangha
|
|
3 refuges explanation
|
sources of authority for all buddhists
|
|
SUFFERING
|
dukka
|
|
quote about suffering and clinging
|
categories affected by clinging are suffering
|
|
Buddhist scripture the quote is from
|
samyutta nikaya
|
|
4 sights
|
what the buddha saw when he left the palace old man, sick man, dead man , holy man |
|
4 noble truths
|
what the buddha realized from the 4 sights
|
|
desires
|
tanha
|
|
first noble truth
|
all life involves suffering
|
|
fourth noble truth
|
the way to overcome suffering is the eightfold path
|
|
3 types of dukka
|
dukka dukka, viparmina dukka, sankara dukka
|
|
first meaning
|
plain suffering like childbirth,grief,death
|
|
second
|
suffering as a result of change and transience of life
|
|
third
|
suffering due to conditioned existence, subtle and fundamental
|
|
PALI CANON
|
tipitaka
|
|
definition of canon
|
a collection of scriptures that hold authority
|
|
description of pali canon
|
a collection of Buddhist scriptures that contain teachings of the buddha
|
|
significance of pali canon for therevada buddhists
|
holds more significance than it does for other sects
|
|
split into 3 sections
|
vinaya pitaka sutta pitaka abhidhamma pitaka
|
|
role of first
|
contains rules and regulations for monks and nuns 227 for monks 311 for nuns
|
|
role of second
|
contains stories and teachings of gotama buddha
|
|
significance of the second section in relation to the buddha
|
it is buddhavacana which means word or doctrine of the buddha
|
|
role of third
|
contains philosophical discourses and scholarly commentary
|
|
importance of the pali canon
|
insight into core teachings, used in worship and recitals, gives guidance in daily life
|
|
limits of the pali canon
|
outdated sexist abhidhamma not accessible oral tradition limited scope 45 years
|
|
pali canon and sutras are specific to different tradtions
|
pali canon = therevada sutras= mahayana
|
TRIKAYA mahayanan buddology |
the trikaya doctrine
|
|
trikaya defintion
|
three bodies of the buddha
|
|
3 manifestations
|
nirmanakaya sambhogakaya dharmakaya
|
|
nirmanakaya translation
|
form body or transformation body
|
|
nirmanakaya definition
|
the physical manifestation of an enlightened being seen in physical form of the 5 aggregates
|
|
nirmanakaya example
|
the historical buddha was already enlightened and chose to take on human form
|
|
nirmanakaya explanation
|
buddhas show living beings the path to enlightenment as an act of compassion
|
|
sambhogakaya translation
|
enjoyment body
|
|
sambhogakaya definition
|
the dimension of energy and light in which enlightened beings can choose to dwell
|
|
sambhogakaya example
|
sukhavati pure land of amitaba
|
|
sambhogakaya explanation
|
spiritual body which mahayana buddhists can pray to
|
|
dharmakaya translation
|
truth body or dharma body
|
|
dharmakaya definition
|
the complete realisation of truth and reality
|
|
dharmakaya example
|
buddhas description as tathagata - one who has become the dharma
|
|
dharmakaya explanation
|
pure, formless and within everything but we cannot perceive it as we are stuck in delusioned reality
|
|
the therevada tradition only accepts one of the trikaya to be true
|
nirmanakaya
|
|
ANICCA
|
impermanence
|
|
buddhist belief about impermanence
|
everything in existence is impermanent
|
|
common symbol for impermanence
|
flowers
|
|
buddhist belief about change
|
happens on 2 levels, gross and momentary
|
|
gross level of change definition
|
change that is obvious seasons weather decay
|
|
momentary level of change definition
|
imperceptible subtle change
|
|
quote about impermanence
|
all conditioned things are impermanent
|
|
scripture the quote is from
|
dhammapada
|
|
the three marks of existence
|
dukka anicca anatta
|
|
importance of anicca
|
when we forget anicca, we become attached which causes dukka
|
|
the relationship between nirvana and anicca
|
understanding anicca is necessary to achieve nirvana, but nirvana is the only thing unaffected by anicca
|
|
mahayana development of anicca
|
concept of sunyata emptiness
|
|
mahayana belief on what types of emptiness are
|
emptiness of self, emptiness of all phenomena , supreme emptiness
|
|
emptiness of independent self means?
|
all sentient beings are interconnected
|
|
emptiness of all phenomena means?
|
all things lack an independent self not just sentient beings
|
|
supreme emptiness
|
nirvana
|
|
the understanding that all things are not independent of each other
|
dependent origination
|
|
qualities of the self
|
impermanent and conditioned
|
|
what does acceptance of impermanent self stop?
|
clinging and craving to 5 aggregates
|
|
and this helps us reach?
|
nirvana
|
|
Indian scholar that founded the middle way philosophy
|
nagarjuna
|
|
middle way philosophy description
|
middle way between believing things really exist and nothing exists
|
|
ultimate truths of the middle way
|
emptiness and interdependence
|
NIRVANA nirvana literal translation |
extinguishing
|
|
refers to extinguishing the fires of the 3 poisons which are?
|
greed hatred ignorance
|
|
Buddhist belief about perception of nirvana
|
beyond human perception
|
|
therevada buddhists believe in 2 types of nirvana
|
nirvana and parinirvana
|
|
nirvana definition
|
in life with residue
|
|
nirvana is achieved but what remains?
|
physical body
|
|
what does this mean in terms of karma?
|
no karmic seeds but yes karmic results
|
|
parinirvana definition
|
after death no residue
|
|
parinirvana means person is free from (1)?
|
the last fruit of karma (body)
|
|
(2)?
|
the cycle of samsara
|
|
goal of the therevada buddhist
|
parinirvana
|
|
why?
|
ultimate liberation and freedom from samsara
|
|
goal of the mahayana buddhist
|
become a bodhisattva
|
|
why?
|
to help others achieve enlightenment
|
|
by choosing to do what?
|
continue in the cycle of samsara
|
|
mahayana belief about karma and bodhisattvas
|
they are free from karma
|
|
so they are able to?
|
use their bodhicitta to choose their rebirth
|
|
positive metaphors for nirvana (1)
|
relieves fever of passions
|
|
(2)
|
medicine that puts an end to all suffering
|
|
negative descriptions of nirvana
|
extinction cessation
|
|
Buddhist text that deals with the nature of nirvana
|
80th dilemma of king milinda
|
|
written as a dialogue between king milinda and a buddhist philosopher
|
nagasena
|
|
king milinda ask nagasena to?
|
explain nirvana
|
|
nagasena says this is?
|
impossible
|
|
nagasena proceeds to use analogies to describe qualities of nirvana (1)
|
as the lotus is untarnished by water nirvana is untarnished by evil dispositions
|
|
(2)
|
like cool water that removes the heat and thirst of desire
|
|
mahayana buddhist belief about nirvana and samsara
|
both exist within the framework of the two truths
|
|
the two truths
|
conventional truth and ultimate truth
|
|
ultimate truth on nirvana and samsara
|
they are empty of independent nature and therefore share the same nature
|
|
conventional truth on nirvana and samsara
|
they are different and are defined as opposites
|
|
Nagarjuna quote about nirvana and samsara
|
there is not the slightest difference between the two
|
|
mahayana buddhist view on nirvana and buddhahood
|
nirvana is a temporary goal on the road to full buddhahood
|
|
parable to explain mahayana concept of two stages of nirvana
|
parable of the phantom city
|
|
mahayana concept of nirvana and buddhahood
|
it is within everyone
|
|
meaning that nirvana is?
|
fundamentally accessible to all
|
|
nirvana key definition in the mahayana tradition
|
freedom from samsara attained through the realisation of anatta
|
|
buddhahood in the mahayana tradition
|
development of nirvana
|
|
in relation to anatta?
|
realisation that anatta extends to all phenomena
|
|
in relation to sunyata?
|
realisation that sunyata is in the nature of all things
|
|
mahayana sutra concerning fundamental emptiness
|
the heart sutra
|
MEANING OF LIFE therevadan buddhist purpose of life |
become an arhat
|
|
arhat literal translation
|
worthy one
|
