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The ancestors of Aboriginal Australians began arriving from south-east Asia approximately 65,000 years ago.
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Until the early 19th century, Australia was best known as New Holland.
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In 1770, Captain James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named "New South Wales".
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South Australia was founded as a "free province" — it was never a penal colony.
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Ballarat miners launched the Eureka Rebellion against gold license fees.
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Melbourne was the temporary seat of government from 1901 to 1927 while Canberra was being constructed.
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Using the slogan "populate or perish", the nation encouraged a large wave of immigration from across Europe.
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Prominent features of the centre and south include Uluru (also known as Ayers Rock).
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Rising sea levels formed Bass Strait, separating Tasmania from the mainland.
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Besides Antarctica, Australia is the only continent that developed without feline species.
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Australia is home to many dangerous animals including some of the most venomous snakes in the world.
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Voting is compulsory for all enrolled citizens 18 years and over in every jurisdiction.
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The King is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the administrator.
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Australia maintains a deeply integrated relationship with neighbouring New Zealand.
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As of 2021, it has the second-highest amount of wealth per adult, after Luxembourg.
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CSIRO, Australia's national science agency, contributes 10% of all research in the country.
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Since the end of the White Australia policy in 1973, Australia has pursued an official policy of multiculturalism.
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Crocodile Dundee and the Ozploitation movement's Mad Max series became international blockbusters.
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Australian rules football is the most popular code in all states except New South Wales and Queensland.
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The Australian national cricket team competed against England in the first Test match.
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