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Answer
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Hint
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~50%
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This was the rough percentage of student visas given to Indian and Chinese Nationals in the UK in 2022.
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Social Policies
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This is impacted by migration: -Immigration lowers the dependency ratio because there are more likely to be young adults working. -However, depending on government ideology, this might politicise migration and create policies aimed specifically at migrant populations. -Education policy might adapt to the changing population - for example, the curriculum, as seen with the introduction of a multitude of GCSE language qualifications, such as in Polish, Welsh, etc. |
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New Right
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This theoretical perspective argues that globalisation and international migration threaten tradition and structure, with the nuclear family and traditional households being undermined.
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World Families
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These are couples or families that remain together despite living in different countries or continents: -This term is used by Beck & Beck-Gernsheim to describe the impact of migration on family structures. |
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Globalisation
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This is the idea that barriers between societies are disappearing and people are becoming increasingly inter-connected: -This is the result of many processes, including the growth of communication systems and global media, the creation of global markets, and political changes such as the fall of Communism and the expansion of the EU. -One key outcome of this is increased international migration - leading to a more ethnically diverse society. |
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Family Structure
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This is impacted by migration: -There are more 'hybrid' families, with couples from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds. -There are more shared households - young workers and students in their 20s are more likely to live in shared households. -There are different family structures among different ethnicities - for example, in the Caribbean community and South-Asian families. |
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Postmodernism
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This theoretical perspective argues that demographic change links to broader social change such as secularisation and liberalisation - we live in a globalised society based on choice and loss of structure: -For example, the declining birth rate and fertility rates link to individualisation. |
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Beck & Beck-Gernsheim (2014)
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In reference to how family structures have been impacted by migration, these postmodernist sociologists argue there is a growth of 'world families' and 'distant love', in which love and other forms of relationships are conducted between people living in different countries and continents.
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Net Migration
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This is the difference between immigration and emigration, and therefore whether the population of a country or area has gone up or gone down when both emigration and immigration are taken into account - it is usually expressed in terms of a net gain (+) or net loss (-).
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Childhood
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This is impacted by migration: -Children are increasingly likely to live in dual-heritage or 'hybrid' families. -Cultural diversity is becoming normalised. -Some link inequalities between children and negative experiences such as racism. |
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Gender Roles
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This is impacted by migration: -Women are commodified by the global trafficking trade. -Some migrating cultures remain patriarchal structures. -Globalisation has increased the liberalisation of attitudes to this. |
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606,000
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This was the UK net migration in 2022.
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Deborah Chambers (2012)
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In reference to how gender roles have been impacted by migration, this postmodernist sociologist argues there is the 'purchase of intimacy', where women are part of a growing trade in surrogacy, mail-order brides and domestic labour - for example, nannies.
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