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Primary Endocrine Tissues/Glands
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Pineal
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Hypothalamus
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Pituitary
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Thyroid
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Parathyroid
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Thymus
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Adrenals
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Ovary
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Testes
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Pancreas
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Secondary Endocrine Tissues/Glands
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Placenta
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GI tract
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Adipose Tissue
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Kidney
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Thymus
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Pineal
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3 Main Hormone Types
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Proteins/Peptides
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Cholesterol Derivatives
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Modified Amino Acids
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Hint
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Answer
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Which receptors do water soluble hormones act on?
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Plasma Membrane Receptors
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Which receptors do lipid soluble hormones act on?
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Intracellular Receptors
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Hint
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Hormone
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Essential for the growth and function of the adrenal cortex
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
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Essential for growth and development of bones, muscles & other organs.
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Growth Hormone (GH)
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Causes blood calcium to decrease. Produced by parafollicular cells.
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Calcitonin
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Produced by thyroid follicles; regulates BMR (basal metabolic rate); also influences physical/mental development and growth
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Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3):
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Stimulates the reabsorption of water by the renal tubules.
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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
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Stimulates the uterus to contract during childbirth. Also stimulates the mammary glands to release milk in response to suckling.
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Oxytocin
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regulates skin pigmentation and promotes deposition of melanin in the skin after exposure to sunlight
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Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
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Stimulates the development and growth of the mammary glands and milk production during pregnancy.
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Prolactin (PRL)
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Essential for the growth and function of the thyroid gland.
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Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
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Stimulates ovulation and development of corpus luteum (CL) in female/production of testosterone by testis (male).
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Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
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Promotes growth of ovarian follicles in female/production of sperm in male.
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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
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Causes blood calcium levels to rise.
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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Stimulates glucose uptake by many tissues.
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Insulin
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Facilitates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose.
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Glucagon
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Promotes sodium and chloride retention and potassium excretion
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Aldosterone
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Conveys information about environmental light/dark cycle to various parts of body.
Some effect on sleep/awake cycles and associated biological events (e.g. reduced production of gastric secretions at night). |
Melatonin
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Raises systolic blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output, speeds up the release of glucose from the liver… giving a spurt of energy, dilates the bronchial tubes and relaxes airways;
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Adrenaline
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Hint
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Hormone
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Essential for normal growth, development and function of the male genitalia. Promotes muscle development, male pattern hair growth Promotes libido, Regulates LH and FSH secretion
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Testosterone
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Released by placenta during pregnancy along with estrogen and progesterone
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Chorionic Gonadotropin Hormone (hCG)
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Stimulates the production of gastric acid for digestion.
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Gastrin
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Stimulates pancreatic juice, bile, and intestinal secretion.
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Secretin
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Secreted by adipocytes that acts on hypothalamus to suppress appetite and food intake.
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Leptin
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Released into the bloodstream if the blood oxygen levels are low (hypoxaemia). Acts on bone marrow to stimulate stem cells to become red blood cells (RBCs).
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Erythropoietin
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Required for generation of T cells by immune system. Secreted by thymus gland.
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Thymosin
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Regulates carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism; has an anti-inflammatory effect; helps the body cope during times of stress
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Cortisol
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Prepare the uterus for pregnancy, promote the development of mammary glands, play a role in sex drive, Promote development of secondary sexual characteristics, Regulate LH and FSH secretion. |
Progesterone
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Prepare the uterus for pregnancy, promote the development of mammary glands, play a role in sex drive, Promote development of secondary sexual characteristics Regulate LH and FSH secretion. |
Estrogen
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