Economists

Scottish. Author of "An Inquiry into the nature and causes of the Wealth of Nations", which helped found the Classical School of Economics. Created the metaphor of the "invisible hand".

French. Leader of the Physiocrats, the first systematic school of economic thought.

Canadian. "The Affluent Society" and "The New Industrial State".

English. "Principles of Economics", which introduced the notion of consumer surplus, quasi rent, demand curves, and elasticity.

English. Famous for "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money". Argued that the best way to deal with prolonged recessions was deficit spending.

English. Social philosopher. Known for "Essays on Some Unsettled Questions of Political Economy". Examined the necessity of private property in "Principles of Political Economy".

German. Historian and social philosopher. Extended the labor theory of value to conclusion, which he called surplus value. Defended historical materialism in Das Kapital.

English. Known for "Principles of Political Economy and Taxation", which introduced comparative advantage and provided justification for international trade. Put forth the Iron Law of Wages.

American. Conservative thinker, advocated for monetarism in works like "A Monetary History of the United States". Associated with the ideals of Laissez-faire government policy.

American. Remembered for "The Theory of the Leisure Class", which introduced phrases like "conspicuous consumption". Compared ostentation of the rich to the Darwinian proofs of virility found in the animal kingdom