AP European History Practice

The deadly disease that spread into Europe from across the Silk Road:

It entered Europe in this year:

The Plague dealt a blow to this economic and social system:

This change led to the start of this period in European History:

It had two major components:

And:

A thinker from the second component is known as the father of Humanism:

Ancient Greek and Latin texts like Cicero's letters to Atticus were uncovered by people like:

In Italy, governments were mostly organized into these:

Italian city with some of the greatest developments in arts and culture during this historical period:

It was led by this merchant family:

This family was one of the pioneers of this interconnected system in Europe:

Northern European traders from this group expanded trade in the Baltic Sea and the North Sea:

The influence of this institution declined during this time period:

This man invented the printing press in 1440:

Wars between this French Ruling family and another ruling family took place in Italy from the late fifteenth to mid sixteenth century:

The other ruling family:

An Italian thinker observed conflict and political intrigue and commentated on them:

He wrote a famous book on statecraft around 1513. It was called:

Artistic movement in Italy used this type of paint:

Unlike the Northern movements which used this kind:

After this conflict, France emerged as a centralized state:

These "Catholic monarchs" united Spain:

Mitteleuropa (Germany) was part of this loosely united empire:

The teachings of the Catholic Church were challenged by this event:

This German priest started it by challenging the church's position on Salvation:

Church practices has become unpopular because they allowed people to pay in order to spend less time in this place:

These payments, which could also be provided for those already dead, were called:

A doctrine that only faith in Jesus Christ and not through "good works:"

This meeting was called to determine how German authorities should respond to Martin Luther:

New denominations also came to the forefront, such as this one created by John...:

The French group of this denomination were called:

The French Wars of religion between those people and the Catholics was ended by this agreement in 1598:

A King of Spain with this name tried to invade England and fought against the reformation:

He attempted to unify the Habsburg lands of Spain, the HRE, and:

That King's predecessor as King of Spain attempted to impose Catholicism on the Holy Roman Empire:

He negotiated a treaty that stated that Kings are sovereign above the Pope in their kingdoms in 1555. It was called:

This King attempted to suppress rebellion in this modern-day country:

In response to the Reformation, the Catholic Church initiated this movement:

Reforms were blocked and this movement was initiated at this council:

In the Netherlands, a financial revolution took hold with the invention of this type of company:

One such company from the Netherlands became involved in colonization:

This Dutch Prince attempted to unite the country's 17 provinces:

This English monarch had strong foreign policy which they used to secure the country's independence from Spain:

That monarch's policies supported this newly established protestant state church in England:

European expansion into other parts of the world began during this period:

This expansion was motivated by the quest for what three things:

Knowledge of the rest of the world originally came from historic documents, such as the writings of this Italian explorer who visited China:

This was the trade route between Europe and Asia:

That trade route was disrupted when Ottomans conquered this city in 1453:

In an effort to find alternate trade routes, this royal established a school of navigation in Portugal:

This explorer found a route around Africa to India in 1498:

Christopher Columbus discovered the new world in this year:

This Vatican treaty was created to split the entire world into the spheres of influence of Spain and Portugal:

The Spanish government established this semi-feudal system to govern their New World colonies:

This crop was quickly cultivated in the new world and was used to create rum:

This trade was established to move goods and labour from Europe to the New World and to Africa. It expanded slavery into the New World:

Economic power is equal to Political Power multiplied by what other kind of power:

Spanish and Portuguese dominance in Europe was replaced by the dominance of the Netherlands. It established this African colony in 1652:

Britain invested more in their colonies, leading them to eclipse this French colony in North America:

In seventeenth century Europe, a scare about this alleged kind of person was spread:

Despite the Peace of Augsburg, this religious conflict started again in Mitteleurope from 1618 to 1648:

This first phase of the war saw Habsburg dominance. It was named for this Czech region:

Next, this small country entered the conflict and shifted the balance of power:

This country dominated in the next period of the war as a protestant power. It brought about a more professional army and formalized practices like firing in volleys, pikes, ad cavalry charges:

This country defined the next period of the conflict. Despite being Catholic, it fought with protestants to prevent the Habsburgs from gaining more influence:

This treaty ended this war:

This theoretical governmental ideal was supported by countries like France, Prussia, and Russia in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries:

This French cardinal, aligned with absolutism, said that "Man is immortal, his salvation is hereafter, The state has no immortality, its salvation is now or never:"

He was succeeded as French Chief Minister by this person:

They allowed for the bureaucracy to establish this King's absolutism:

This palace was built to centralize control, but was excessively coslty:

Absolutists believed in this religiously inspired principle:

Mercantilism was the economic policy of most of Europe at this time. It was created by this Frenchman:

This state was described as "an army with a country:"

It was ruled by this royal dynasty:

They relied on the power of these nobles to guarantee their authority:

Enlightened absolutism failed in Austria because of the power of its aristocracy as well as its diversity which made it this type of empire:

This Russian leader came to power in 1689 and banned beards in an attempt to enforce western values:

This later Russian absolute monarch was also called "the Great:"

These elite Ottoman soldiers were comprised of kidnapped European Christians:

Ottomans besieged this city in 1529 and 1682:

During the Dutch Golden Age, they had a monopoly over trade in this substance:

In contrast to Absolutism, this type of monarchy emerged in England:

This monarch succeeded Elizabeth I and tried to implement more royal power:

His son, Charles I, was overthrown after ignoring this document from Parliament:

This British politician fought against the King in the English Civil War and became Lord Protector of England after the King was executed:

James II was overthrown and replaced with William and Mary for trying to override Parliament and restore Catholicism in this revolution:

This time period precipitated the Scientific Revolution:

This philosophy proposed a structured view of the natural world:

Copernicus established this structure of the solar system:

This astronomer discovered his namesake laws of planetary motion:

This Italian disected cadavers in order to get a better understanding of human anatomy and wrote On the Fabric of the Human Body:

This philosopher created the idea of a "State of Nature" and advocated harsh punishments dealt out by the state:

His ideological opponent was this person who advocated for the "Consent of the Governed:"

This Father of Rationalism said "I think, therefore I am:"

This Englishman formed the idea of empiricism:

This thinker tried to reconcile religion with science. He helped to pioneer the scientific method:

Absolutism was mixed with humanism to create this form of absolutism:

This royal family rose to prominence in Russia:

When Queen Anne died with no heirs, the British Parliament chose this person to become king:

The War of Austrian Succession was fought after Joseph II proposed this document to allow his daughter to succeed to the throne:

This daughter's name was:

Prussia was the winner of that conflict because they gained this territory:

This conflict was a world-spanning war mainly fought between France and Britain over colonies:

Britain defeated Indian states in this battle:

Prussia fought Russia until this Russian leader made peace and switched sides:

George Washington served in the North American front in this region:

Britain conquered New France in this Battle

The conflict ended in this year with the Treaty of Paris:

A revolution in France started in this year:

King Louis XVI called this body in order to raise taxes:

The Third Estate declared themselves the National Assembly on this day:

Members of the National Assembly took this oath on June 20:

The Bastille Prison was stormed on which day of that year:

This King was executed in this year:

This group held power in France during the Reign of Terror:

This group was the next to hold power:

When the French people attempted to overthrow the directory, they were stopped by this man:

He attempted to invade this country but was forced to retreat by scorched earth policies and a cold winter:

He implemented this policy to cut off Great Britain from European trade:

He was exiled to this small island near Italy but quickly came back before being defeated a second time:

This international meeting was called in order to reorganize Europe after the Napoleonic Wars:

This meeting created a balance of power known as the:

It was spearheaded by this Austrian Minister:

And this British diplomat:

The aftermath of these agreements lead to this type of order:

It would have beensupported by thinkers like this Briton, who believed that liberalism creates radical change and upsets the social order and that monarchy is needed to provide structure and order:

This process led to more food production from inventions such as the steel plow:

From the 1750's onwards, this change reshaped society and allowed for large scale production and consumption:

This material was farmed on a large scale by the British in India and by the Americans in the south:

Britain had a natural advantage in the industrial revolution due to abundant access to this energy-dense mineral:

British politicians and leaders implemented social reforms to allow better lives for working class people during the industrial revolution. They included this King:

Both political parties broadly supported these changes. During the Victorian period, this party was led by Benjamin Disraeli (give common name):

And this party was led by William Gladstone:

Some people sought to protect their way of life by destroying industrial equipment. They were called:

These people demanded reforms in the UK including universal male suffrage and a salary for MPs:

This American doctrine led it to support Latin American revolutions:

This French monarch was placed on the throne after Napoleon was removed:

This French monarch was known as the Citizen King:

This organization was formed after the Napoleonic wars, when Napoleon had dissolved the Holy Roman Empire:

This British thinker opposed Burke and promoted social reforms and established the harm principle:

This year was known as the Spring of Nations and saw popular, nationalist revolutions across Europe:

This artistic and cultural movement emerged in response to the "coldness" of the enlightenment and advocated a return to nature:

This person was elected President of France in 1848 but soon seized power and made himself emperor:

He attempted to invade this country and make Maximillian I its emperor:

He was deposed after his decisive defeat and capture in this war:

This war began after the Russians insisted on taking control of Christian sites in the holy land from the Ottomans:

During that war, this person became noteworthy for founding modern nursing:

Italy began to work toward unification under this politician:

This person became the first king of all-Italy:

Italy conquered this ancient state, ruled by the Pope:

This German leader spearheaded that country's unification:

Prussia fought this war. It dissolved the German Confederation it had led and led to the establishment of the new North German Confederation:

After joint victory against France, Germany was unified in this year:

This Russian Emperor abolished serfdom but was assassinated in 1881:

This technology allowed for the invention of cars and airplanes:

This economic trend occurred as it beame cheaper for people to meet their basic needs on less money:

This is another name for the upper class in the Victorian Period. It denotes the fact that they had to work very little while still making money:

Psychiatry was created by this Austrian thinker:

The Theory of Relativity was articulated by this German-Jewish physicist:

This German philosopher said that "God is dead:"

He spoke of a class of people who were morally and intellectually superior called:

This British-born writer promoted the theory of the Aryan race which inspired Nazism and antisemitism:

Antisemitism was seen in French society when the military suffered this scandal:

The First World War was started by the assassination of this person:

By this Serbian agitator:

The First World War ended this British policy of non-intervention on the European continent:

This pseudo-scientific school of thought made nations see conflict as a zero-sum game:

Germany invaded France via Belgium according to this plan:

This German general told Kaiser Wilhelm that mobilization could not be stopped and had numerous failed military policies:

This Belgian monarch continued to fight the Germans and is the last monarch to ever lead troops from the front line:

The second phase of the war, when the Germans and the Allies attempted to outflank each other was called:

America entered the war after the sinking of this civilian ship:

It was also influenced to join the conflict after intercepting this message to Mexico:

The Germans sent this Russian dissident living in Switzerland to Russia in order to foment revolution:

He led this group in the Russian Revolution which wanted to depose the Tsar and establish socialism:

The revolutionaries fought against this Tsar:

Russia signed this treaty with the Germans to end their involvement in WW1 after the revolution:

Disobedience spread through the German Army in November 1918 in this event:

The war was finally ended on this day:

Several months later, this treaty was signed between Germany and the Allies:

France retook this region which the Germans had conquered during the Franco-Prussian war:

This American President pushed a 14 point plan and tried to guarantee peaceful settlements to future conflicts:

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire were on what side of the First World War:

Britain, France, Russia, and America were on what side of the First World War:

In 1933, this radical politician became Chancellor of Germany:

That man soon began rearming this region, despite that being forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles:

During this event, he centralized power and had a mass purge of anyone not sufficiently loyal:

He began perpetuating the Holocaust and claimed that the German race was superior. He defined the German race under these laws:

British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain attempted this policy to avoid another war with Germany:

Chamberlain allowed Germany to annex this majority-German region of Czechoslovakia and soon conquer the whole country:

Germany held a false referendum in Austria leading to the unification of the two countries. This unification was called:

Germany used this strategy to defeat its opponents extremely quickly:

America entered the war after Japan attacked it in this place:

The Japanese Air Force failed to sink these important ships, as they were not in port:

This American Admiral led the naval war effort against Japan:

This American president dropped the atomic bomb on Japan: