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Question
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Answer
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Hint/Example
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morphemes
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smallest meaningful units
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monomorphemic words
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words that consist of only one morpheme
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polymorphemic words
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words consisting of more than one morpheme
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unique morphemes
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occur in only one word in a language
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vowel alternation
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no plural form added but a change in the vowel
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zero morph
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no additional form added
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free morphemes
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can occur on their own
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bound morphemes
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can't occur on their own
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root
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part of a complex word that remains when all affixes have been removed
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base
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any form of to which affixes can be attached
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prefix
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affix attached before root or base
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suffix
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affix attached after root or base
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allomorph
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different realization of the same morpheme without meaning change
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lexeme
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abstract category of words
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word-form
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grammatical specification of a lexeme
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inflectional affixes
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affixes that create a new word form
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derivational affixes
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affixes that create new lexemes
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word formation process
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process which create new lexical words
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productivity
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ability to form new words
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derivation
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creating a new word by adding a derivational affix
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compounding
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combination of two ore more lexemes into a new word
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conversion
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same form different word class and meaning
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shortening
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creation of new lexemes through the deletion of material
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acronyms
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abbreviations pronounced as regular words
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initialisms
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abbreviations where every letter is pronounced separately
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syntax
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study of sentence structure
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grammar (1)
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speakers knowledge of their language
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grammar (2)
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set of rules to create well-formed sentences
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constituent/phrase
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string of words which syntactically behaves as a unit
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constituency test
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aim to detect whether a word is a constituent
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semantics
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study of meaning
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meaning
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relation between a linguistic expression and a concept
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concept
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mental category that is used to classify objects
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referent
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object for which speaker uses a particular expression
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denotion
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class of entities to which a linguistic expression potentially refers
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sense relation
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semantic relationship where words share a crucial aspects of their meaning
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connotation
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associations with a word based on world knowledge but that are not sense relation
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polysemy
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same word with the same form but different related meanings
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wing
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homonymy
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two different words with the same form but different unrelated meaning
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Ball
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homophones
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words unrelated in meaning but sound alike but spelled different
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I-eye
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homographs
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words unrelated in meaning but spelled alike but sound different
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lead
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pragmatics
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study of what we do with language and the meaning in context
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linguistic context
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what has been said before and after an utterance
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non-linguistic context
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physical and or social setting of utterance
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speech act theory
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theory to systematically describe the speakers intention
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locution
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linguistic form of the speech act
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ilocution
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intention of the speaker
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e.g. command
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perlocution
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effect of the act on the hearer
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declaration
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speech act that changes an existing state of affairs
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representative
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speech act when speaker states which he believes to be the case
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explaining
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expressive
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speech act that states what speaker feels
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directive
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speech act whose aim is to make the here do something
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e.g commands
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direct speech act
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locution with performative verb
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indirect speech act
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locution without performative verb
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maxim of quantity
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make contribution as informative as it is required and not more
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maxim of relevance
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say what is relevant in the present context
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maxim of manner
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be brief, orderly and clear
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maxim of quality
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do not say what you believe to be false
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face
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ones public self image
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positive face
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desire to be well thought of
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negative face
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desire not to be imposed on by others
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politeness
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linguistic strategy to minimize threats to the listeners face
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