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FQ1: coastal location

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Quiz by tiarose
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Last updated: September 5, 2022
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First submittedSeptember 5, 2022
Times taken1
Average score5.9%
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Hint
Answer
1
1. location of New Orleans below sea level and between lake pontchartrain and the Mississippi River
2
New Orleans is the gulf coasts city most vulnerable to hurricanes, because of its coastal location (30'N, 90'W)Southeastern coast of USA which borders the warm Gulf of Mexico
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New Orleans is located on the Mississippi Delta between a distributary of the river and Lake Pontchartrain making it vulnerable to storm surge
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2. Wetlands drained/altered
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Expansive wetlands help to protect inland areas from Hurricane winds and storm surges, but these were destroyed due to human activity.
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In the past the coastline was further from New Orleans and the water logged areas absorbed the impact of storm surges. Removal of wetlands brings cyclone effects closer to city.
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Barrier islands provide a thick line of protection for the mainland against storms by absorbing energy from the strongest waves (eg, Chandeleur islands approx 100km east of New Orleans)
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Coastal wetlands absorb the impact of a storm surge or river flood by providing a break over which water loses its destructive energy
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Louisiana loses an estimated 16,000 – 22,000 acres of wetlands a year. This loss can be attributed to both human and natural causes.
Hint
Answer
10
3. Artificial levees built around river/swamps to protect N.O.
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When peat swamps are drained, they shrink, which means that N.O. ended up well below sea level. It relies on flood walls, pumps and levees to keep it dry.
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Natural levees were strengthened along the Mississippi River distributary below the city, and roads and settlements were built on them.
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This meant that during periods of heavy rainfall, the river could no longer overflow and spread silt on the delta wetlands.
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The local government refused to spend much needed money on strengthening the levees. The levees were built in the 1990s and had received no maintenance since.
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This resulted in 80% of the city of New Orleans being under water (8m) when
Hurricane Katrina hit
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They were only built to withstand no more than category 3 hurricanes, Katrina was a category 5 hurricane when it hit New Orleans
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Examples of levees that broke were the: Industrial Canal, 17th Street Canal,
London Ave Canal
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