Mediastinum - 3

Hint

Answer

What vertebral level does the azygos vein begin at?

The first intercostal space on both sides does not drain into the azygos system it instead drains into the brachiocephalic vein, by a vein of what name?

What is the thoracic duct a continuation of?

What level does it cross from right to left?

Does the thoracic duct have valves?

What part of the vertebrae do all ribs articulate with?

What type of joints do ribs have with their costal cartilages?

Apart from the first costal cartillage all others form synovial joints with the sternum, but they are atypical due to the type of cartilage. What type of cartilage is it?

Hint

Answer

Which ribs are concidered to be true ribs due to being attatched to the sternum?

The intercostal neurovascular bundle contains a vein, artery and nerve from top to bottom. what artery is the artery a branch of?

Is this bundle found below or above the rib?

What does the vein drain into?

During expiration does the diaphragm contract or relax?

Do the external intercostals contract or relax during inspiration?

What is the name given to lymphatic fluid presenece in the pleural space?