Vision-2

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Last updated: January 1, 2019

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First submitted	January 1, 2019
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Average score	6.7%
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Hint	Answer
What is the name for the central part of the retina in which there are no rods or blood vessels?	Foveola
What part of the retina may appear larger with increased intracranial pressure?	Opitcal disk
Which of rods and cones has invaginating lamellae instead of stacked membranous disks?	Cone
Which photopigment is found in rod cells?	Rhodopsin
What is the catalytically active form of this pigment that arises when absorption of a photon changes the molecule from 11-cis to all-trans retinal?	Metarhodopsin II
Once the pigment is bleached it must be regenerated, this can only occur outside the photoreceptor but where specifically?	Retinal Pigment Epithelium/RPE
What vitamin is retinal a derivative of?	A
For cones what type of cell is used as an alternative pathway so that pigment is rapidly regenerated?	Muller

Hint	Answer
What molecule is reduced in concentration (in rod cells) when light is present, leading to closure of channels?	cGMP
What enzyme is used to alter this molecule?	Phosphodiesterase/PDE
What metals cation is believed to be the major mediator in photoreceptor adaptation?	Ca
What enzyme is inhibited by this cation, that recycles molecules required for recognition of light?	Guanylyl cyclase
When there is more light is there more or less of the cation inside the cell?	Less
What is the name for the disease where someone has no blue cones?	Tritanopia
What is the name of the disease where someone had no red cones?	Protanopia

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