Statistics for Edexcel History 9. Germany Divided and Reunited

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Question or Term	Answer	% Correct
The two key parties that formed in West Germany in 1945 alphabetically, the former being an amalgamation of former liberal and conservative parties with many former members of the re-established Centre Party, and the latter a party refounded much in the same form as when dissolved	Christian Democratic Union and Social Democratic Party	100%
Leader of the SPD from 1946 until his death in 1952 who rejected unification of the party with the KPD, campaigning for nationalisation as well as a unified, neutral, and demilitarised Germany against Adenauer's focus of policy towards the West	Kurt Schumacher	100%
He who consented to a unified Germany within NATO as it was an inevitability and he needed West German loans for the failing Soviet Economy, having been rejected by the USA and UK	Mikhail Gorbachev	100%
The year in which political parties and free trade unions were revived in both East and West Germany	1945	0%
That election narrowly lost by the SPD due to popular fears of socialism and communism, the success of the market economy in Bizonia, alienation of Catholics, and the ill health of Kurt Schumacher due to a decade of imprisonment in Dachau	1949 Election	0%
The year in which the Federal Republic of Germany joined NATO and introduced compulsory military service (with the alternative option of civilian or honorary (civil protection) service for those that objected) with popular if not SPD or Church support	1955	0%
The year in which Adenauer and the CDU first won an absolute majority (50.02%)	1957	0%
The year from which the GDR tried to restrict travel by trusting that as people with Western connections died, the desire to travel would decrease, helped by tight restrictions on leaving for 'urgent reasons', Stasi threats to families of those who left, and professional discrimination or even imprisonment of those who applied to emigrate	1972	0%
The percentage of the votes the Basic Law stipulates a party must gain in order to enter the Bundestag, intended to prevent extremist parties entering	5%	0%
The reduction in factory productivity experienced in the GDR during the refugee crisis as many workers needed for production were leaving the country	50%	0%
The percentage of high level foreign-office diplomats which were former Nazis in 1952	66%	0%
They whom began to fracture in 1945 as their unity had only ever been one of necessity against a common threat, fundamental differences remaining unchanged or having grown	Allies	0%
Laws by Adenauer granting amnesty to 150,000 previously dismissed officials with Nazi connections and later annulling British denazification processes so as to secure talent, stability, and right-wing support crucial for coalitions, despite protests from the SPD	Amnesty Laws	0%
That the provisions of which were for a bicameral legislature with a lower elected Bundestag (50% directly, 50% via a party list) and upper Bundesrat made up of Länder representatives with veto powers, headed by a government under a Bundestag elected Chancellor and mostly ceremonial Bundespräsident, with free political parties	Basic Law	0%
The 1949 FRG Constitution (intended to be provisional), written on the urgent instigation of the Western Allies, particularly the US as the Cold War developed, leading them to drop demands for reform and denazification	Basic Law	0%
A 1972 treaty in which the FRG recognised the existing borders of the GDR and each accepted the other's sovereignty	Basic Treaty	0%
A heavily guarded dividing wall built around West Berlin in 1961 that was opened on 9th November 1989, being attacked by celebratory crowds and finally officially demolished between June 1990 and November 1991	Berlin Wall	0%
That the fall of which harmed the GDR's economy as it now had to compete with the much more advanced FRG	Berlin Wall	0%
The head of state of the FRG and later Germany, elected by state representatives, with some official powers of veto (though not the power to dismiss the Chancellor), who largely stays above party politics	Bundespräsident	0%
That group whose support for the CDU was so crucial in establishing its popularity as they formed 45% of the FRG population, many Protestants being in the GDR	Catholics	0%
A Bavarian party that shares its ideology with the CDU in the rest of Germany with whom they always run in partnership in elections	Christian Social Union	0%
Those GDR products which were notably of far worse quality than those in the FRG, an example being Trabant Cars	Consumer Goods	0%
An organisation composed of the US, Soviet, British, French, and Chinese Foreign Ministers, formed in 1945 to draw up peace treaties and settlements with the former Axis, reaching deadlock over Germany by 1947 causing the Western Allies to call on the Länder to draw up a new German constitution in 1948	Council of Foreign Ministers	0%
Those two countries which refugees traveled through on their way to the FRG after the GDR banned travel to Hungary in September 1989, 9,000 leaving every day by the end of November, alphabetically	Czechoslovakia and Poland	0%
The first all-German free and fair elections since 1932, returning a CDU-Free Democratic Party coalition, the PDS winning 2.6% of seats	December 1990 Federal Election	0%
A piecemeal, muddled, and often ideologically driven process to eradicate Nazism, ended by the Americans in 1951 as being impractical to remove so many people of expertise vital for rebuilding the country	Denazification	0%
A term used to describe the reduction in tensions between the USA and USSR following the FRG's Moscow Treaty in 1970 and the 1971 Four Powers Agreement reconfirming the rights and responsibilities of the Four Powers in Berlin	Détente	0%
The countries of Eastern and Central Europe under Soviet domination from 1945 to 1989/91 to which Gorbachev made clear in 1988 the USSR would not intervene in the internal affairs of, leading to calls for greater freedoms particularly in Poland and Czechoslovakia	Eastern Bloc	0%
That of the GDR with collapsed in the Summer of 1990 against newly affordable western goods (due to the 1:1 exchange rate), with farmers unable to compete with the FRG and EEC and unemployment reaching 20%, making speedy reunification necessary	Economy	0%
That of the GDR which had large flaws from the 1970's onward in the form of shortages of consumer goods due to its planned nature, rising costs of energy and raw materials due to a lack of domestic supply and the 1973 and 1979 oil crises, over-dependence on FRG loans and trade, and hugely expensive social welfare reforms	Economy	0%
He whom on the 6th November 1989 offered all GDR citizens passports and free travel for 30 days a year, changed to free emigration and unrestricted travel on the 9th (mistakenly announced by First Secretary of the East Berlin SED Günter Schabowski 24 hours early, leaving border guards unprepared)	Egon Krenz	0%
Leader of the GDR from October to December 1989 who (though continuing anti-Western propaganda) tried to appease protesters (1m in East Berlin on 4th November alone) by reorganising the leadership and easing travel restrictions, only encouraging protesters further	Egon Krenz	0%
That individual whose unrelenting hard-line attitude - unsuccessfully calling on direct Soviet military intervention - accelerated the collapse of the GDR	Erich Honecker	0%
Leader of the GDR from 1971 to 1989 who increased oppression against change, being a fierce opponent of Gorbachev's reforms (using propaganda to attack him), emphasising the GDR's position as the strongest economy in the Eastern Bloc	Erich Honecker	0%
He who began allowing free travel from the GDR from 1986 as he was under popular and party pressure to do so, believing it would stifle calls for emigration and permanent settlement in the FRG (the opposite of which occurred) and improve relations with its FRG creditor	Erich Honecker	0%
Leader of the SPD from 1952 to 1963 whose lack of coherent leadership or reform led to a period of decline and electoral defeats for the party, notably in 1953 and 1957	Erich Ollenhauser	0%
Those types of parties that have gained a foothold in eastern Germany since reunification due in part to being accustomed to strong central authority and resenting large foreign worker population brought in by the government, many Turkish	Extremist Parties	0%
The highest court in Germany created under the Basic Law, to protect the Constitution, settle disputes between the federal government and Länder, and reduce the possibility of extremist parties gaining power	Federal Constitutional Court	0%
The four principles on which the Basic Law were based, alphabetically	Federalism, Popular Democracy, Rule of Law, Social Welfare	0%
The democracy formed in 1949 out of the West and South of Germany, constituting the former British, American, and French occupation zones	Federal Republic of Germany	0%
An extensive questionnaire devised by British though mostly American occupying forces to determine which Germans had been associated with the Nazis, eventually required of all Germans applying for work, ration cards, etc.	Fragebogen	0%
The country which Adenauer pushed for closer relations and ties with, seeing it as crucial for stability, peace, and prosperity in Europe	France	0%
Those three countries which did not intervene to save the GDR despite their opposition to German reunification due to being either politically or economically unable to provide the vast loans necessary	France, UK, and USSR	0%
The three things demanded by GDR protesters alphabetically, though the final demand was not original	Free Elections, Free Travel, and German Reunification	0%
A legally binding treaty between the FRG and Western Allies in 1955 which mostly restored sovereignty to the FRG as the only legal successor of the German Reich	General Treaty	0%
The only leader of the Four Powers who did not show disquiet or alarm to Helmut Kohl's Ten Point Plan	George H. W. Bush	0%
The communist country formed in 1949 out of the easternmost part of Germany, constituting the former Soviet occupation zone	German Democratic Republic	0%
That country the principal problems in which by 1989 were that it had a low standing of living compared to the FRG (though the highest in the East), economic inequality particularly between the general public and government and Stasi members, and economic problems causing low investment and falling real wages	German Democratic Republic	0%
That country the foreign debt of which increased from 2.2bn DM in 1970 to 34.7bn DM in 1987	German Democratic Republic	0%
That which many were opposed to both domestically and internationally by early 1989 as it threatened the careful balance of power built up since 1945 and particularly since the 1970's détente	German Reunification	0%
An August 1990 treaty between the GDR and FRG unifying them into a single FRG with a united Berlin as its capital, adopted into the Basic Law on 3rd October, abolishing the GDR	German Unification Treaty	0%
Gorbachev's 1986-91 policy of increased openness and transparency, encouraging public scrutiny and discussion to recognise and address the shortcomings of the Soviet system	Glasnost	0%
That of the FRG, the first one of which was formed by a coalition of the CDU, liberal Free Demoratic Party (FDP), and right-wing German Party (DP) under Konrad Adenauer	Government	0%
The official policy from 1955-70 in the FRG that claimed a right to speak for all Germany and refused to establish full relations with countries that recognised the GDR	Hallstein Doctrine	0%
That the legal justification for which was that the GDR was under Soviet control and thus did not meet the level of statehood, while acceptance of the GDR would constitute acceptance of German division, perhaps in perpetuity, a violation of the Constitution and General Treaty	Hallstein Doctrine	0%
That which established the precedent that the recognition by any country other than the Soviet Union of the GDR would be considered an 'unfriendly act' leading to the severing of diplomatic relations except where contact was merely commercial and no explicit or implicit recognition of two Germany's was made	Hallstein Doctrine	0%
That the origins of which were to clarify the FRG's establishing of relations with the Soviet Union as a singular act in recognition of its privileged status as an occupying power	Hallstein Doctrine	0%
He who called the March 1990 GDR elections in a desperate attempt to save the political system	Hans Modrow	0%
Leader of the GDR from December 1989 to April 1990 and pro-reform SED member who announced respect for the rule of law and free and fair elections, though failed to stem the flow of emigrants (75,000 in January 1990 alone)	Hans Modrow	0%
FRG CDU Chancellor from 1982 to 1998 who pursued a policy of maintaining balance and stability in Europe through East-West cooperation and on supporting and reforming/democratising the GDR rather than seeking reunification	Helmut Kohl	0%
The country which dismantled its border fence with Austria in April 1989 (largely a symbolic move by the reformist government) encouraging thousands of GDR citizens to enter the country as a pretext for going on holiday in order to get to the West, something the country explicitly allowed in September to alleviate pressure from the growing number of refugees (25,000 having fled by the end of the month)	Hungary	0%
The heavily patrolled and restricted border between Eastern and Western Europe, effectively breached by Hungary in 1989	Iron Curtain	0%
That the key points of which were to achieve peaceful and sustained reunification by; providing humanitarian assistance, continuing cooperation with the GDR (and expanding it subject to democratisation and liberalisation), forming a confederation with the aim of federation, unifying Germany within the framework of East-West relations, integrating the GDR into the common market, and accelerating European disarmament	Kohl's Ten Point Plan	0%
A November 1989 plan issued by Helmut Kohl (partly to improve the CDU's dismal polling performance) without consulting the FRG's allies or his ministers, to achieve stable and peaceful long-lasting German reunification	Kohl's Ten Point Plan	0%
He whose priority was economic and political integration, as opposed to Kurt Schumacher who prioritised German reunification	Konrad Adenauer	0%
That election in the GDR after which a CDU, SPD, League of Free Democrats coalition formed a government, while a subsequent introduction at a 1:1 exchange rate of the FRG currency and inflow of FRG goods saw the GDR economy completely collapse	March 1990	0%
The first free GDR elections with multiple parties in which West Germans like Kohl campaigned, with the pro CDU pro-quick reunification Alliance of Germany coalition winning nearly 50% of all seats, the SPD 22%, and the PDS 16.5%	March 1990 East German Elections	0%
Leader of the USSR from 1985-91 who instituted policies of Glasnost and Perestroika to ensure the USSR remained a strong and viable state, while also pursuing better relations with the FRG, indicating to the SED that the USSR would no longer favour the GDR	Mikhail Gorbachev	0%
Peaceful anti-GDR protests centred on Leipzig which attracted tens of thousands of people causing Honecker to order the army and Stasi to intervene, aborted due to Soviet refusal to offer support, leading to Honecker's resignation in October 1989	Monday Demonstrations	0%
That 1970 treaty between the FRG and USSR in which both powers renounced the use of force and recognised the post-Second World War borders	Moscow Treaty	0%
That organisation German membership of which was a prerequisite of the US accepting German reunification	NATO	0%
Those, many of whom agreed to cooperate with Adenauer in promoting FRG democracy out of their shared fear of communism	Nazis	0%
The official East German SED newspaper which branded GDR refugees as immoral people removing themselves from society	Neues Deutschland	0%
A series of thirteen war crimes trials conducted by the Allies to try and convict Nazis, 22 being tried in the first trial of whom half were executed	Nuremberg Trials	0%
East German nostalgia for old GDR goods and services such as Trabant tours of Berlin	Ostalgia	0%
Willy Brandt's 'Eastern Policy' in which relation with the GDR and Eastern Bloc were normalised in an implicit effort to encourage cultural and commercial exchange between the two Germany's, undermining the communist regime in the long run	Ostpolitik	0%
That policy of Willy Brandt's which tried to alleviate the fears and criticisms of the CDU by emphasising that though two states existed within Germany, they could not be 'foreign' to each other	Ostpolitik	0%
The December 1989 rebranding of the SED, abandoning Marxism-Leninism having rescinded the clause of the constitution defining the GDR as a socialist state under SED leadership on the 1st, ending the party's domination and seeing Egon Krenz and the Politburo resign	Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS)	0%
Gorbachev's 1985-91 policy of politically and economically restructuring the USSR through carefully controlled liberalisation in an effort to address and resolve inefficiencies in the Soviet system	Perestroika	0%
A summer 1945 conference in which the UK, USA, and USSR agreed on the division and administration of Germany and Austria	Potsdam Conference	0%
That following the Second World War which principally took the form of forced labour and dismantled and exported industry as opposed to money or gold	Reparations	0%
That which most GDR citizens did having crossed the border on 9th November 1989 to a celebratory welcome in the FRG, though many planned to leave permanently and calls for reunification grew	Return	0%
A neo-Nazi party banned in 1952, a month before the FRG agreed to pay 3 billion marks compensation to Israel for the Holocaust	Socialist Reich Party	0%
The ruling party the GDR formed by the forced merger of the East German wings of the SPD and KPD	Socialist Unionist Party (SED)	0%
That of the FRG which from 1949 to 1955 was limited by the fact that West Berlin remained militarily occupied, the Ruhr was under the control of the International Ruhr Commission (until 1952), foreign affairs were run by the Allied High Commission, and all legislation had to be approved by the Western Allies	Sovereignty	0%
Civilian tribunals set up by the British and Americans to conduct hearings of suspected Nazi collaborators, mostly whitewashed along with the Fragebogen by suspects obtaining positive personal testimony and criticised for disproportionately effecting average civilians over serious collaborators	Spruchkammer	0%
A much debated document issued by Stalin in 1952 proposing a neutral, disarmed, and reunified Germany with free and fair observed elections, rejected by the Western Allies and even more strongly by Adenauer as an aggressive move to forestall FRG reintegration into Europe and the world economy	Stalin/March Note	0%
The GDR's ministry for state security which developed extensive surveillance with a large network of informants used as much to influence behaviour as an enforcer, its headquarters being stormed by protesters in January 1990, the GDR losing a key component of its hold on power	Stasi	0%
That which arose between West and East Germany after reunification due to West German resentment at higher taxes to regenerate the East, East German reminiscence of job security and social welfare, and continuing East-West inequality	Tensions	0%
A 1990-91 treaty in which the Four Powers relinquished all sovereignty over German and Berlin, Germany limited its armed forces, nuclear weapons were barred from the country, and Germany formally recognised its borders	Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany	0%
May to September 1990 negotiations between the two Germanys and the Four Powers (Allied Control Council) agreeing on a unified Germany within NATO which would help fund Soviet withdrawal and pay compensation to Soviet soldiers now out of work	Two plus Four Negotiations	0%
That country which re-established locally and regionally elected councils and Länder with new state constitutions in 1946, followed by the other two Western powers in 1947	United States of America	0%
A peoples party, such as the CDU or SPD under the Godesberg Program of 1959, seeking to represent all interest via moderate policies, entering government as part of a grand coalition of the first time in 1966 under Willy Brandt	Volkspartei	0%
That which the Basic Law was largely a revised and improved version of	Weimar Constitution	0%
That area which under the Basic Law remained under Allied military occupation as the USSR would not allow otherwise, its population being non-voting citizens able only to elect observers to the Bundesrat, though otherwise sharing the same rights and liberties as well as the rarely used ability to reject federal laws	West Berlin	0%
The charismatic 'right-wing' SPD mayor of West Berlin who helped revitalise the party and unite it around the Godesberg Program in 1959, though not becoming leader until 1964	Willy Brandt	0%
Those two conferences at which it was agreed Germany would be split from Austria, the two and Berlin being divided into four temporary occupation zones under a central Allied Control Commission responsible for governing, demilitarising, denazifying, decartelising, and democratising the country, chronologically	Yalta and Potsdam	0%