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Hint
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Answer
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UGA: people use media
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actively and purposefully
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UGA: people are aware of their
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needs
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UGA: strong or weak media
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weak media
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UGA: experiences with medium in the past
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influence likeliness to choose it again
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UGA: typical methodology
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self-reports, questionnaires
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UGA: empirical findings
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information, entertainment, personal identity, social integration
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UGA: limitations 1 self-reports are critical because of
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social desirability of media use
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UGA: limitations 2 needs may be triggered by
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the medium itself
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SE: different levels of media usage
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general decision, which medium, which content
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SE: selection process is
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unconscious
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SE: expected benefit of information is greater than
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the expected cost
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SE: people turn to media content that matches
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their attitudes
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SE: Typical Methodology; selection scenarios typical methodology
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headlines are presented, participants have to indicate which one they would choose
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SE: moderating variables are
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time pressure, importance
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SE Classic Study (Attitudinal effects on selective exposure): participants browsed online search results that featured attitude-___ and attitude-___ messages associated with sources of either high or low ___, then the ___ reading was tracked
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consistent, discrepant, credibility, selective
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SE Classic Study: Results; participants spent less time with attitude-___ messages compared to attitude-___ messages
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discrepant, consistent
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SE Classic Study: Results; pattern was particularly pronounced among participants with ___ attitude importance, low importance fostered exposure to high-___ messages
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higher, credibility
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SE: limitations
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low external validity
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MM: at first, we select media offers
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randomly
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MM: we experience what effects this medium has
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on our mood
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Hint
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Answer
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MM: if a medium has improved our mood, we are more likely to
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choose it again
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MM Factors that influence our selection: Hedonic valence (something that is hedonically positive leads to a ___), Excitation potential (too high or too low excitation is ___), Absorption potential (ability of a medium to ___ the current cognitive and emotional ___), Semantic affinity (only if the mood is ___, content with a high semantic affinity to the ___ state is selected)
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positive reaction, aversive, disrupt, state, positive, current
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MM Typical Methodology: experimentally inducing differetn moods and
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observing the selection behavior of participants
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MM Classic Study (MM through TV): induced unpleasant states of ___ in their participants. One group was then given a ___ task (___ excitation) and the other group was told there was a ___ measurement (___ exitation)
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excitement, monotonous, low, performance, high
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MM Classic Study: Participants were allowed to watch TV while waiting. The TV offered three ___ and three ___ programs
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exciting, relaxing
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MM Classic Study: Results; Hypothesis was only partially supported. Calming material was generally selected ___. Under-stimulated participants chose significantly more ___ media content than over-stimulated ones.
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less often, exciting
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MM Limitations: mood is not the only aspect that
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influences media choice
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MM Limitations: how can MM explain our interest in
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sad media content
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SFP: Terror Management; sad media can offer a "safe" exposure to
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existential and threatening topics
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SFP: Social Comparison; observing movie characters in worse situations could make the movie recipients feel
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better about their own situation
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SFP: Hedonic Perspective; although primary emotions in reaction to the film are negative,
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the related meta-emotions are positive
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SFP: Appreciation is a state of experience associated with emotions that
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evoke existential thoughts
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SFP: People look for more
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meaningful media content
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SFP: Dual-process model
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enjoyment and appreciation are two different processes
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SFP: grief is a by product of maintaining
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attachment bonds
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SFP: Typical Methodology
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Correlational studies
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SFP Classic Study (Appreciation: Effect of elevating videos on stereotypes): ___ of video (___ of the earth, ___ of humankind, portrayals of human ___, ___ control video) vs. ___ (on an ___ video platform, on ___ with low / high number of ___)
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type, beauty, unity, kindness, funny, presentation, unknown, Youtube, views
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SFP Classic Study: Results; more ___ videos evoked greater ___. Mediated by this feeling, meaningful videos led to more ___ attitudes towards ___ groups
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meaningful, elevation, positive, stereotyped
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SFP: Limitations
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Little empiricism, causes are not really clear
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