AQA Politics - Ideologies - Name the key thinkers

Socialism

1818-1883

"from each according to their ability, to each according to their need"

 

1871-1919

"Bourgeois society stands at the crossroads, either transition to socialism or regression into barbarism"

 

1858-1943

"To secure for the workers by hand or by brain the full fruits of their industry and the most equitable distribution thereof that may be possible upon the basis of the common ownership of the means of production"

 

1918-1977

"We do not want complete equality of incomes, since extra responsibility and exceptional talent require and deserve a differential reward. We are not hostile, as our opponents sometimes foolishly suggest, to 'detached residences in Bournemouth where some elderly woman has obviously more than a thousand a year'"

 

1938-

"No one can believe that the World can be run as thought it were a gigantic marketplace"

Liberalism

1632-1704

"All mankind... being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions"

 

1759-1797

"I do not wish [women] to have power over men; but over themselves"

 

1806-1873

"Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign"

 

1836-1882

"a right is a power of which the exercise by the individual or somebody of men is recognized by a society either as itself directly essential to a common good or as conferred by authority of which the maintenance is recognized as so important"

 

1921-2002

"Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought. A theory however elegant and economical must be rejected or revised if it is untrue; likewise laws and institutions no matter how efficient and well-arranged must be reformed or abolished if they are unjust"

 

1921-2006

"Men are not the enemy, but the fellow victims. The real enemy is women's denigration of themselves"

Conservatism

1588-1679

"The condition of man... is a condition of war of everyone against everyone"

 

1729-1797

"Those who don't know history are destined to repeat it."

 

1901-1990

"To be conservative, then, is to prefer the familiar to the unknown, to prefer the tried to the untried, fact to mystery, the actual to the possible, the limited to the unbounded, the near to the distant, the sufficient to the superabundant, the convenient to the perfect, present laughter to utopian bliss."

 

1905-1982

"The smallest minority on earth is the individual. Those who deny individual rights cannot claim to be defenders of minorities"

 

1938-2002

"Our main conclusions about the state are that a minimal state, limited, to the narrow functions of protection against force, theft, fraud, enforcement of contracts, and so on, is justified, but any more extensive state will violate persons' rights not to be forced to do certain things, and is unjustified; and that the minimal state is inspiring as well as right"

Feminism

1860-1935

"There is no female mind. The brain is not an organ of sex. As well speak of a female liver."

 

1908-1986

"One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman"

 

1934-2017

"A sexual revolution begins with the emancipation of women, who are the chief victims of patriarchy, and also with the ending of homosexual oppression"

 

1943-

"It is only when women start to organize in large numbers that we become a political force, and begin to move towards the possibility of a truly democratic society in which every human being can be brave, responsible, thinking and diligent in the struggle to live at once freely and unselfishly. Such a democracy would be communism, and is beyond our present imagining"

 

1952-

"If any female feels she need anything beyond herself to legitimate and validate her existence, she is already giving away her power to be self-defining, her agency"