Hint
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Symptoms
|
Answer
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swollen and slow
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• constipation, abdominal pain • bone pain, kidney stones • decreased DTR, severe muscle weakness • depression/anxiety, confusion
|
hypercalcemia
|
tingly and reactive
|
• QT prolongation, arrhythmias • tetany, trousseau's sign, chvostek's sign • diarrhea, petechiae, weak bones • circumoral tingling, paresthesias of the hands and feet • increased DTR, convulsions
|
hypocalcemia
|
depressed and deflated
|
• seizures, coma • tachycardia, weak thready pulses • respiratory arrest
|
hyponatremia
|
low and slow
|
• flat T waves, ST depression, U wave • decreased DTR, muscle cramping, flaccid paralysis • decreased intestinal motility, hypoactive bowel sounds, constipation, abdominal distention, paralytic ileum, SBO
|
hypokalemia
|
big and bloated
|
• flushed, edema "waterbed skin" • low grade fever, polydipsia, swollen, dry tongue • nausea, vomiting, increased muscle tone
|
hypernatremia
|
tight and contracted
|
• ST elevation, peaked T waves, vfib, arrest • hypotension, bradycardia • diarrhea, hyperactive bowel sounds • paralysis of extremities, increased DTR, profound muscle weakness
|
hyperkalemia
|
calm and quiet
|
• heart block, prolonged PR intervals, bradycardia, hypotension • decreased DTR, depressed shallow respirations, hypoactive bowel sounds • nausea, diarrhea, headache, facial flushing
|
hypermagnesemia
|
buck wild
|
• ST depression, T wave inversion, torsades, tachycardia, vfib • increased DTR, nystagmus
|
hypomagnesemia
|
|
Symptoms
|
Answer
|
• tetany, trousseau's sign, chvostek's sign • diarrhea, bone/joint pain, weak bones • bleeding, rash or itchy skin, WBC dysfunction, delirium, paresthesias
|
hyperphosphatemia
|
• diarrhea, vomiting • sweating, fever
|
hypochloremia
|
• constipation, decreased DTR • severe muscle weakness: diplopia, dysphagia, respiratory depression • bradycardia, leukocyte/PLT dysfunction, reduced oxygen transport • delirium, convulsions
|
hypophosphatemia
|
• nausea, vomiting, swollen dry tongue • confusion
|
hyperchloremia
|
|