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1.Bangkok, 1760
Khmer Empire
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Ayutthaya Kingdom
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Kingdom of Thonburi
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France
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Bangkok was controlled by the Ayutthaya Kingdom between the early 15th century and 1767, when the kingdom was invaded by the Third Burmese Empire.
2.Cyprus, 1544
Ottoman Empire
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Duchy of Athens
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Republic of Venice
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Kingdom of Sicily
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Venice controlled Cyprus from 1489 until 1571, when it was conquered by the Ottomans.
3.San Antonio, 1830
Spain
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United States
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Republic of Texas
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First Mexican Republic
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San Antonio was controlled by the First Mexican Republic between 1823 and 1836, after which it was controlled by the Republic of Texas.
4.Gloucester, 790
Mercia
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Wessex
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Kingdom of England
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Kingdom of Gwynedd
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Gloucester was located in Wessex in the late 6th century. It later became part of the minor kingdom of Hwicce, which became a client or sub-kingdom of Mercia in 628. Hwicce was no longer a kingdom by around 780, as it became part of Mercia. Gloucester then became part of Wessex again sometime between 877 and 883, when Mercia submitted to Alfred the Great.
5.Alexandria, 21 BC
Ptolemaic Kingdom
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Roman Empire
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Parthian Empire
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Nabataean Kingdom
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Egypt became a Roman province in 30 BC when Cleopatra was deposed by Octavian (who would later become Augustus, the first Roman emperor).
6.Tashkent, 1391
Khanate of Bukhara
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Timurid Empire
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Seljuk Empire
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Ilkhanate
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The city, which had been destroyed by Genghis Khan in 1219, was restored while it was part of the Timurid Empire.
7.Bogotá, 1809
Empire of Brazil
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Spain
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Gran Colombia
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Republic of New Granada
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Colombia gained its independence from Spain in 1819.
8.Barcelona, 541
Principality of Catalonia
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Francia
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Visigothic Kingdom
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Byzantine Empire
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Barcelona was the capital of the kingdom between 507 and 542.
9.Pataliputra, 90 BC
Nanda Empire
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Gupta Empire
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Maurya Empire
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Shunga Empire
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Pataliputra became the capital of the Shunga Empire after the founder Pushyamitra Shunga assassinated the final Maurya emperor.
10.Palau, 1923
Empire of Japan
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Netherlands
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United States
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Germany
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The Empire of Japan took control of Palau from Germany in 1914.
11.Gdańsk, 1350
Sweden
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State of the Teutonic Order
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Duchy of Pomerelia
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Kingdom of Poland
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The city was captured by the State of the Teutonic Order in 1308.
12.Luanda, 1969
Germany
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Zaire
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Portugal
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Angola
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Angola won its independence in 1975 following a thirteen year long war.
13.Bordeaux, 1209
Duchy of Normandy
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Duchy of Gascony
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Duchy of Burgundy
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Duchy of Lorraine
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The duchy had Bordeaux as its capital.
14.Babylon, 520 BC
Neo-Assyrian Empire
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Macedonia
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Neo-Babylonian Empire
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Achaemenid Empire
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The city was captured by the Persians in 539 BC.
15.Dominican Republic, 1824
Haiti
✓
France
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Spain
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Netherlands
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Haiti controlled all of Hispaniola between 1822 and 1844.
I did even worse on this than on your 'which came first', but another great quiz, and again, I really like the information you give to explain at the end