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Hint
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Answer
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CFZ; a belt of activity following mountain ranges around the world
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Continental Fracture Zone
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Volcanoes not located on a plate boundary; magma rises through the lithosphere and erupts to form active volcanoes
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Hotspot
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Has potential to have social and economic impacts
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Tectonic Event
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OFZ; a belt of activity along the mid-ocean ridges
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Oceanic Fracture Zone
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The upper layers of the Earth's crust
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Sial
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A series of larger than normal waves, usually caused by volcanic eruptions or underwater earthquakes
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Tsunami
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The varying magnetism in the rocks due to the polarity of the earth switching every 300,000 years
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Palaeomagnetism
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Process in which governments and other organisations work together to protect people from natural hazards
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Hazard Management Cycle
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Mixture of dense hot rock, lava, ash and gas that travels extremely fast, destroying everything in its path
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Pyroclastic Flow
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DART
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Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis
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A fault that is not slipping due to frictional resistance on the fault being greater than the shear stress across it
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Locked fault
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A pulling force exerted by cold, dense oceanic plate subducting under continental plate into the mantle
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Slab pull
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Waves generated from the hypocentre, longitudinal, can travel though solids, liquids and gases
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Primary
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A hazard generated by tectonic/geological processes
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Geophysical
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Very hot, low viscosity, easy gas escape, peaceful eruptions
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Basaltic magma
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Strategies used to avoid, delay or prevent hazard events
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Hazard Mitigation
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A natural event that has the potential to threaten both life and property
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Hazard
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Convection currents from the lower mantle cause plates to move due to rotational movement in the asthenosphere
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Mantle convection
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Gradual movement of the continents across the earth's surface over geographical time
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Continental Drift
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Sudden floods caused by melted glacial snow and ice
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Jokulhlaup
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Earthquakes that don't occur on a plate margin
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Intra plate
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Waves generated from the epicentre, most destructive and slowest, travels along and focuses all its energy onto the earth's surface, can only travel through solids
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Love
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Rising magma pushes the lithosphere upwards causing it to slide down under gravity when it cools
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Ridge push
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Masses of rock, mud and water travelling down the side of a volcano
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Lahars
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MIS; Measures the effect on people, structures and the natural environment
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Mercalli Intensity Scale
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Volatiles in magma released into the atmosphere after an eruption
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Gas eruptions
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VEI; A logarithmic scale that measures the magnitude of a volcanic eruption
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Volcanic Explosivity Index
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A technique used to understand, analyse and assess a hazard or hazards which contrast temporally and spatially
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Hazard Profile
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Waves generated from the hypocentre, transverse, can only travel through solids, slower than P waves
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Secondary
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Less hot, high viscosity, difficult gas escape, explosive eruptions
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Rhyolitic magma
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Model that shows how a country might respond after a hazard event: Relief, Rehabilitation, Reconstruction
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Park Model
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MMS; a logarithmic scale that measures the amount of energy released from an earthquake
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Moment Magnitude Scale
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The lower layers of the Earth's crust
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Sima
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The ability to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from natural hazards
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Vulnerability
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Risk = (Hazard x Vulnerability) / Capacity to Cope
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Risk equation
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Gases dissolved in magma
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Volatiles
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Very hot and very slow lava streams destroying everything in its path
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Lava flows
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Oceanic lithosphere is recycled into the Earth's mantle
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Subduction
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The point at which an earthquake begins
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Hypocentre
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The sum of the ways individuals and institutions, public and private, manage common affairs
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Governance
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A hazard becoming reality in an event that causes deaths and damage to goods/property and the environment
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Disaster
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An area of seismicity corresponding with the slab being thrust downwards in a subduction zone
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Benioff Zone
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The formation of new crust due to rising magma at a divergent plate boundary
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Sea floor spreading
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