KT1 America Knowledge Builder

Complete as many questions as you can in the time limit, keep coming back to this quiz and targeting the ones you get wrong. This covers the following points on the spec: -Why did tensions between the colonists and the British reach a point of no return between 1770 and 1775? -Why did clashes between the colonists and the British develop into a struggle for independence? Why did Britain lose the American colonies?

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Last updated: February 6, 2023

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First submitted	February 6, 2023
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Question	Answer
In what year did the 7 Year’s War end?	1763
What was the yearly debt bill for Britain after the 7 Year’s War? (In pounds)	8 Million
What sum did Britain gain through taxation per year? (In pounds)	4.4 Million
What was the cost per year of administering the American Colonies by 1770? (In pounds)	350,000
When were the Townshend duties passed?	1767
What did the Americans do in response to the Townshend Duties?	Boycott of British goods
What sum did Britain hope to raise with the Townshend duties per year? (In pounds)	40,000
Name three things taxed by the Townshend Duties	Lead, paint and china
How many people died in the Boston Massacre of 1770?	5
Name the first victim of the Boston Massacre.	Crispus Atticus
When were the Townshend Duties repealed?	1770
When was the Declaratory Act?	1776
What did the Declaratory Act do?	British could tax the colonies when and where they pleased
When was the Tea Act?	1773
How many members of the Sons of Liberty took part in the Boston Tea Party?	60
Which three ships were involved in the incident in Boston?	Dartmouth, Eleanor, Beaver
How many chests of Tea were thrown into Boston harbour?	432
How much was the tea worth, sunk in the Boston Tea Party? (In pounds)	10,000
Which company had been given monopoly over trading Tea in America?	East India Trading Company
Name the body set up to provide a means of communication between the different colonies.	Committees of Correspondence
Who organised this body?	Sam Adams
Name the last civilian Governor of Boston?	Thomas Hutchinson
What replaced the above Governor?	Military government under general Gage
In what year were the Coercive Acts passed?	1774
Key feature of the Coercive Acts.	Closure of Boston harbor until the tea is paid for
Key feature of the Coercive Acts.	Murder trials to be held in England
Key feature of the Coercive Acts.	Replace Hutchinson with Gage
Key feature of the Coercive Acts.	Quartering Acts
What percentage of the population were loyalists in 1770, as calculated by the Patriots?	33%
What name did the Americans give to the Coercive Acts?	Intolerable
In what way did Quebec benefit from the Coercive Acts?	Religious freedom
Where did the Continental Congress meet in 1774?	Philadelphia
Who wrote Common Sense?	Thomas Paine
What were the main arguments in Common Sense?	America should form its own government
How many copies did it sell?	12,000
When did Britain declare all of Massechussetts to be in rebellion?	1775
What did the Committees of Correspondence become in 1775?	De facto government of the USA
What did William Pitt the Elder propose to do to solve the rebellion?	Home government and repeal all taxes
What happened when this proposal reached the House of Lords?	Defeated
In what year were the battles of Lexington and Concord?	1775
Who fired the first shot at Lexington Green (“the shot that was heard around the world”)?	No one knows
How many colonial militia-men surrounded Boston after the British retreated from Lexington?	20 000
Why did the patriots send the Olive Branch Petition knowing it was likely to be rejected?	To convert Loyalists into Patriots
When was it issued?	1775
What were the votes for and against the Olive Branch Petition in Britain?	83 to 33
Who led the conservative faction in Continental Congress (who did not want to break with Britain)?	John Dickson
Who was appointed leader of the Continental Army?	George Washington
When was the Battle of Bunker Hill?	1775
On what Hill did it actually take place?	Breeds
Who was the British commander at the Battle of Bunker Hill?	Howe

Question	Answer
How many British casualties were there at Bunker Hill?	273
How many American casualties were there at Bunker Hill?	88
Who led the winter invasion of Quebec in 1775?	Benedict Arnold
Give the full date of the Declaration of Independence.	July 4th 1776
Who is identified as a tyrant in the Declaration of Independence?	King George III
When were the Articles of Confederation passed?	1781
What could Congress could do after the Articles of Confederation?	Set weights and measures, ask for men and money, declare war, foreign and Indian policy
What two things Congress could not do after the Articles of Confederation.	Raise tax, no president
Which state signed the Articles of Confederation last in 1781?	Maryland
How many soldiers did the British have at their disposal in 1776?	8000, rising to 9000
How many ships did they have?	340
What was Britain’s population in 1776?	2.4 Million
What was the main motivation of the British in 1776?	Teach the colonists a lesson
What logistical issues did Britain face in the war?	Could only supply and defend the coasts, transfer across the Atlantic
Name the strengths of Washington.	Morale, inventive tactics, use of militia, experienced - fought in the French and Indian wars
What happened at Valley Forge?	More Americans died here than in all battles combined. Harsh winter, kept morale up.
What happened on the Delaware River?	Surprise raid on Christmas eve, crossed icy river
What did “most” Americans believe in? (2 words)	Glorious cause
Which two groups did Britain have to rely on for support in the war (in terms of boots on the ground)? (2)	Hessians and Indians
How did Continental Congress finance the War?	Paper money
What was General Burgoyne’s plan?	Cut off north by linking Lake Champlain to the Hudson, meet with Clinton
When was the Battle of Saratoga?	1777
Which two British Generals failed to attend the Battle of Saratoga?	Clinton and Howe
Who was the American General?	Gates
What did Burgoyne say upon his defeat (to his American victors)?	“The fortune of war has made me your prisoner General”
What happened to Burgoyne and his forces (which was not the term negotiated by Gates on the battlefield)?	All prisoners of war until 1783
In what year did the French intervene in the Revolutionary War?	1778
What was the impact of the above on Britain?	Changed defence priorities
Name the French commanders now in America	Rochambeau, La Fayette and Comte Charles De Grasse
When did Spain enter the War?	1779
What did they do in 1781?	Cleared the Mississippi Valley of British, sieged Gibraltar
In 1778, 65% of the British Army was in North America. What was it by 1780?	20%
What percent of Britain’s Navy was present in America in the same year?	13%
Name the other areas Britain had to defend upon the intervention of France and Spain.	West and East Indies, Channel, India
How many troops did the British have in Yorktown?	9000
How many did the combined American and French have?	16,000
Which British General surrendered at Yorktown?	Cornwallis
In what year was the Battle of Yorktown?	1781
How late were reinforcements to Yorktown?	5 Days
What did Lord North say in response to the loss?	Oh God it’s all over
In what year did the British decide to seek peace?	1783
What territory did they still hold even after deciding to seek peace?	Charleston and Savannah
Who was present in the peace negotiations?	John Jay, John Adams, Ben Franklin
Name the outcomes of the Peace of Paris.	US independent, border set at Mississippi, safe treatment of loyalists, fishing rights, Senegal and Goree to France, Britain keeps Quebec and Caribbean
Give the date of the Peace of Paris.	1783
How much debt was Britain in at the end of the Revolutionary War?	£232 million
How long was it before trade patterns between Britain and the newly independent Americans restored to pre-war levels?	5 years
Who was King at the start and end of the Revolutionary War?	King George III
Sum up how the King felt about the Revolution after the event in one word.	Regret