Question | Answer | % Correct |
---|---|---|
Which Empire had controlled Egypt since 1517? | Ottoman Empire | 100%
|
Which Prime Minister decided to intervene in Egypt? | Gladstone | 93%
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How many Europeans died in Anti-Christian riots in Alexandria 1882? | 50 | 79%
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Who was the new Consul General? | Sir Evelyn Baring | 79%
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What percentage of Egyptian exports did the British purchase? | 80% | 71%
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What percentage of shipping passing through the Suez Canal was British? | 80% | 71%
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Which Prime Minister decided to purchase the Suez Canal shares? | Benjamin Disraeli | 71%
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Who was sent as Governor of Sudan in 1873? | General Charles Gordon | 71%
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What did the decline of this Empire create in areas around north Africa? | Power vacuum | 71%
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Who was the leader of the radical Islamist movement in Sudan? | The Mahdi | 71%
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In what year was the Suez Canal completed? | 1869 | 64%
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How many survived out of the 8000 that were on this campaign in 1883? | 300 | 64%
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How much of Gladstone’s personal wealth was invested in Egypt? | 37% | 64%
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In what year was Gordon sent, for the second time, to carry out Gladstone’s instructions? | 1884 | 57%
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How many times did the British promise to leave Egypt? | 60+ | 57%
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What resource made up most of the Egyptian exports to Britain? | Cotton | 57%
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When did he retire to England? | 1880 | 50%
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How late was Gladstone’s relief expedition, which failed to rescue Gordon? | 2 Days | 50%
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What did Arabi Pasha do in 1879? (2) | Installed a nationalist cabinet under Tewfik | 50%
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Name the Khedive in 1875? | Ishmail | 50%
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Name an important General who was inspired by Gordon. | Kitchener | 50%
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What was Gladstone’s solution to the problems in the Sudan? | Leave | 50%
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What 2 projects had British investors and bond holders financed in Egypt? (2) | Railways | 50%
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Name the Khedive in 1876? | Tewfik | 50%
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When was Gordon first appointed Governor of the Equatorial Provinces by Ismail Pasha? | 1873 | 43%
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In what year did Lord Salisbury order the reconquest of Sudan? | 1896 | 43%
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When did Baring leave Egypt? | 1907 | 43%
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True or false. Gladstone changed his mind immediately after Gordon’s death, and ordered the reconquest of the Sudan. | False | 43%
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Where did the British and French meet? | Fashoda | 43%
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On what date did the Mahdist forces successfully break into Khartoum? (Month and Year) | January 1885 | 43%
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Who became the new Prime Minister after the fall of Liberalism in Britain? | Lord Salisbury | 43%
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What name do we give to Britain’s occupation of Egypt? | Veiled protectorate | 43%
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How many Mahdi died in the ensuing battle? | 10,000 | 36%
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When did Britain declare the whole of the Nile Valley to be within her “sphere of influence”? | 1890 | 36%
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How much did he borrow from the Rothschilds to reverse cuts to the Egyptian Army? (In pounds) | 40,000 | 36%
|
Who was not? | France | 36%
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Who led a military campaign against the Islamist leader? | Sir William Hicks | 36%
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When was Arabi Pasha exiled to Ceylon having been captured in September 1882? (Month & Year) | December 1882 | 29%
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Which new weapon of war did the British have with them as they approached Omdurman in 1898? | Maxim gun | 29%
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By how much had Egyptian debt increased between 1863 and 1870? (In pounds) | 3 Million to 100 Million | 21%
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How many British died at Omdurman? | 47 | 21%
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What did Kitchener hold in Khartoum? | A funeral for Gordon | 21%
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Where was Kitchener heading (initially)? | Dongola | 14%
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What did they do, instead of going to War? | Had a party | 14%
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What kind of tactics was Kitchener ordered to use? | Slow & steady | 14%
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How did the Mahdi die? | Typhus | 14%
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When did the Mahdi die? | 6 Months after the siege of Khartoum | 7%
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He saw his death coming. What did he do? | Appointed 3 lieutenants to rule in his stead | 7%
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What did he worry the French were trying to do? | Control the source of the Nile | 7%
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What things did the British and French do as part of their system of Dual Control? (2) | Cuts to army staff and pay | 7%
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Name a way in which Gordon’s legacy made a lasting impression on the British public. | Desire to avenge Gordon | 7%
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How did Churchill feel about this battle? | Did not like it, found Kitchener merciless | 7%
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What did Gordon do to make himself a celebrity in Britain (before Khartoum) (4) | Effective in Crimea | 7%
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What did Gordon do to make himself a celebrity in Britain (before Khartoum) (1) | Ended the Taiping rebellion | 7%
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Which two Madhist bases did Kitchener capture in 1896? | Ferkeh and Atbara | 7%
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Give two reasons why Gordon’s orders are seen as contradictory? (2) | Foreign office orders muddled | 7%
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What 2 projects had British investors and bond holders financed in Egypt? (1) | Harbor building | 7%
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Why might Gordon not have wanted to evacuate the garrison at Khartoum? (2) | Hatred for Mahdi | 7%
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Why should Baring be described as racist? | He said he “had no time for the oriental mind” | 7%
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What is his most controversial act? (not needed for the spec but certainly worth knowing!) | Invented concentration camps | 7%
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Name 2 achievements of Baring in Egypt? (2) | Investments secure | 7%
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Who was in charge of the 120 strong French detachment? | Major Marchand | 7%
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What two reforms did he want to make? (1) | Make Egypt solvent | 7%
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What did both sides agree to do? | Refer the issue to London and Paris respectively | 7%
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What did Arabi Pasha do in 1879? (1) | Staged a successful coup | 7%
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What things did the British and French do as part of their system of Dual Control? (1) | Supervise spending | 7%
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What did Gordon do to make himself a celebrity in Britain (before Khartoum) (3) | Thought he found various religious sites | 7%
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Why might Gordon not have wanted to evacuate the garrison at Khartoum? (1) | Wanted to end slave trade | 7%
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What was was Kitchener given command in, which he held until his death? | WW1 | 7%
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What were the reasons the French did not follow through with the Gambetta Note in 1882? (2) | Bismarck told them no | 0%
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What were the competing British and French objectives in Africa? | Britain to link colonies in north to south, French to link east to west | 0%
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Why did France eventually back down after Fashoda? (2) | British naval dominance | 0%
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Give two reasons why Gordon’s orders are seen as contradictory? (1) | Came from both Baring and the foreign office | 0%
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What were the reasons the French did not follow through with the Gambetta Note in 1882? (1) | Change in public opinion & leadership | 0%
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What were Kitchener’s sealed orders, which he read when he encountered this group? | Control the Nile Valley | 0%
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In what way did Gordon actually make things worse in the Sudan? (2) | Created a mini power vacuum into which the Mahdi stepped | 0%
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What does it mean that Egypt was “solvent” under Baring? | Debts paid off | 0%
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What did Gordon do to make himself a celebrity in Britain (before Khartoum) (2) | Dedicated to improving the lives of young boys in his hometown | 0%
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What happened to the Italians in 1896 that further convinced Salsbury that a show of European force in Africa was necessary? | Defeated at the battle of Awadh | 0%
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In what way did Gordon actually make things worse in the Sudan? (1) | Destabilised the country by removing slave traders | 0%
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Why might Gordon not have wanted to evacuate the garrison at Khartoum? (4) | Did not believe Britain should leave the Sudan | 0%
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How did the relationship changed between Egypt and the Sudan in the 19th Century? | Egypt resorted to formal occupation rather than charging the Sudanese a tribute | 0%
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Name 2 achievements of Baring in Egypt? (1) | Egypt was solvent | 0%
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What did Salisbury do as a result of these victories? | Extended the initial objective of Dongola to the whole of the Sudan | 0%
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Who was ok with this? | Germans and all other nations | 0%
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Why did France eventually back down after Fashoda? (1) | Internal political struggles | 0%
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How did Kitchener diffuse the situation? | Left the French flag in place | 0%
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In what way was his vision for Egypt not compatible with what Gladstone and Salisbury wanted to do? | Made them stay in Egypt when official policy was to leave | 0%
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What nickname did Gladstone earn for failing to rescue Gordon? | Murdered of Gordon | 0%
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What was Kitchener ordered to do with his supply lines? | Never stretch or break them | 0%
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Name 2 failures of Baring Egypt. (2) | No changes to education system | 0%
|
What two reforms did he want to make? (2) | Protect the irrigation of the cotton fields in the Nile delta | 0%
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Name 2 failures of Baring Egypt. (1) | Tax burden fell on the poorest | 0%
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What was the second concern expressed by Salisbury? | The resurgent Mahdist forces | 0%
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Why might Gordon not have wanted to evacuate the garrison at Khartoum? (3) | Thought he was doing God’s work | 0%
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What did he do with the remains of the Mahdi? | Threw the bones in the Nile and kept his skull | 0%
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How did Parliament and Baring feel about these actions? | Unacceptable, ordered tomb resealed | 0%
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What does the treatment of the French at Fashoda and the treatment of the Mahdi at Omdurman show? | Vast difference between how the British treated white people vs black people | 0%
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How was Kitchener different to Gordon? | Very methodical and by the book | 0%
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