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Hint
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Answer
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The Indian civilization originated in this river's valley in moden-day Pakistan
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Indus River
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Well-preserved site of the Harappan Civilization in the Gujarat region
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Dholavira
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These ancient Hindu scriptures written in Sanskrit named the Vedic Period
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Vedas
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Term for the rival states in northern India before the rise of Buddhism
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Mahajanapadas
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Magadha aristocrat who attained enlightenment and established Buddhism
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Siddhartha Gautama
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326 BC battle which stopped Alexander the Great's conquest of India
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Battle of the Hydaspes
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This empire unified northern India under Chandragupta in the 4th century BC
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Maurya Empire
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King of the above empire who denounced war and reverted to Buddhism
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Ashoka
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Hereditary social class system embedded into Indian society during this period
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Caste System
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Name the four social classes of the above system (from high to low)
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Brahmins
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Kshatriyas
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Vaishyas
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Shudras
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This empire unified northern India under Chandra Gupta in the 3th century
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Gupta Empire
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Name either of the two most famous astronomers of the above empire
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Aryabhata / Varahamihira
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Indian strategic game considered the ancestor of modern chess
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Chaturanga
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Southern Indian Tamil dynasty that built Shore Temple and Varaha Cave
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Pallava Dynasty
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Central Indian dynasty that the above was constantly at war with
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Chalukya Dynasty
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Southern Indian Tamil maritime dynasty that conquered the above dynasties
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Chola Dynasty
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Rajaraja I, a ruler of the above dynasty, built this temple in 1010
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Brihadisvara Temple
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This ruler, son of Rajaraja I, expanded his empire to Southeast Asia
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Rajendra I
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Muslim domination in India began after Prithviraj Chauhan lost this 1192 battle
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Second Battle of Tarain
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Region conquered by the Portuguese under Afonso de Albuquerque in 1510
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Goa
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This sultanate was defeated first by Timur, then by his descendant Babur in 1526
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Delhi Sultanate
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Babur established this Islamic empire, expanded by his grandson Akbar the Great
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Mughal Empire
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Mausoleum commissioned in 1632 by Shah Jahan to house the body of his wife
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Taj Mahal
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1630-1632 famine that led to an estimated 7.4 million deaths
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Deccan Famine
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Tax imposed on non-Muslims by Aurangzeb, sparking conflict with the Marathas
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Jizya Tax
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Persian leader who invaded in 1738 and massacred Delhi
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Nader Shah
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British campaigns to India began with the efforts of this trade company
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British East India Company
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Robert Clive led the above company to conquer Bengal in 1757 after this battle
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Battle of Plassey
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Alternative name for the Indian Rebellion of 1857
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Sepoy Mutiny
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Indian rule shifted to the British crown in 1858 , establishing this colonial state
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British Raj
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Political party formed in 1885 that pushed for representation and independence
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Indian National Congress
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Bengali poet and polymath who won the 1913 Nobel Peace Prize
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Rabindranath Tagore
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National anthem of India, composed and written by the above
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Jana Gana Mana
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1919 massacre of Indian civilians by the British that roused Indian nationalism
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Amritsar Massacre
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Founder of the non-violent independence movement against British oppression
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Mahatma Gandhi
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1930 peaceful protest led by the above against British taxes on salt
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Salt March
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Politician who became the first prime minister of India in 1947
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Jawaharlal Nehru
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The 1947 Partition of India created this Muslim country divided into two parts
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Pakistan
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India fought a 1947-1948 war with the above for dominance of this region
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Kashmir
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A second war with that country in 1971 led to the independence of this country
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Bangladesh
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Indian deputy prime minister who unified India's five thousand city states
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Sardar Patel
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Statue of the above, completed in 2018, that is the world's tallest at 182 meters
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Statue of Unity
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India fought a war in 1962 with this neighbor for the control of Aksai Chin
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China
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Female prime minister under whom India became a nuclear power
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Indira Gandhi
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1984 operation targeted against the Sikhs, leading to the above's assassination
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Operation Blue Star
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Prime minister assassinated in 1991, son of the above leader
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Rajiv Gandhi
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Indian prime minister who reformed the Indian economy in the 1990s
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Narasimha Rao
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