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P+P Part A's 5

2009 Exam
Quiz by genes644
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Last updated: August 7, 2022
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First submittedAugust 7, 2022
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Question
Answer
What is the typical concentration of intracellular K+?
140mM
What is the typical concentration of intracellular Na+?
15mM
At rest, is the normal cell membrane more permeable to Na+ or K+?
more permeable to K+
What is the stoichiometry and direction of Na+ and K+ movements powered by the Na+/K+ATPase in a resting cell?
3Na+ out and 2K+ in
A drug that will block the Na+/K+ ATPase.
ouabain
An action potential in a myelinated fibre is conducted at 50 m/s and lasts 2 ms. Calculate the distance one action potential occupies.
10cm
Select one factor that can increase conduction velocity
increase membrane resistance
Myelination increases conduction velocity because it
decreases membrane capacitance
Select a drug that can suppress the generation of a neuronal action potential by blocking
voltage-gated Na+ channels
lignocaine
A clinical use of a voltage-gated Na+ channel blocker is
local anaesthetic
The extracellular calcium concentration
2mM
One mechanism that releases the ion from the endoplasmic (or sarcoplasmic) reticulum
IP3
A calcium binding protein that mediates the effects of calcium
calmodulin
A calcium-activated enzyme that stimulates smooth muscle contraction
myosin light chain kinase
An inhibitor of a voltage-operated Ca2+ channel
verapamil
Beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist
asthma
Cholinesterase inhibitors
myasthenia gravis
Inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme
hypertension
Na+ channel blocker
cardiac dysrhythmia
Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
pain killer
atropine
cardiac acetylcholine receptor
nicotine
ganglionic acetylcholine receptors
noradrenaline
alpha-adrenoceptors
Question
Answer
isoprenaline
beta-2-adrenoceptor
trimetaphan
ganglion blocker
What cells in the stomach secrete gastric acid?
parietal cells
What hormone stimulates acid production?
gastrin
What hormone inhibits acid generation?
cholecystokinin
What drug blocks acid secretion?
omeprazole
What does omeprazole target?
H+/K+ATPase
Where does the bulk of sodium reabsorption occur?
proximal tubule
Where does the rest of sodium reabsorption occur?
distal collecting tubules
What is hormone stimulates sodium reabsorption?
aldosterone
Sodium ions leave the lumen to enter cells by crossing the apical membrane. How does this transport occur?
epithelial sodium channels (ENaC)
What drug can block the epithelial sodium channels?
amiloride
What type of capillary is found in skeletal muscle?
continuous
What type of capillary is found in the kidney?
fenestrated
What type of capillary is found in the liver
sinusoidal
What is the main force driving fluid out of capillaries?
capillary hydrostatic pressure
What is the main force driving fluid reabsorption?
plasma colloid osmotic pressure
K+ through a K+ selective channel
-90mV
Na+ through a Na+-selective channel
+60mV
Ca2+ through a Ca2+-selective channel
+100mV
K+ through a non-selective cation channel that is equally permeable to Na+ and K+ but which excludes Ca2+
-15mV
What would happen to the reversal potential for K+ if the extracellular K+ concentration increased?
it would become more depolarised
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