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HUMAN PERFORMANCE 040

P55
Quiz by JoonaT
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Last updated: October 3, 2022
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1. Which of the following goes through the capillaries thin walls?
Water. ✓
Gases. ✓
Red blood cells. ✓
Proteins. ✓
2. The ability of a pilot to withstand even moderate forces can be affected by:
All of the above. ✓
The maximum load limits of the aircraft. ✓
Fatigue in the pilot. ✓
Presbycusis. ✓
3. It is generally accepted that the short-term memory can hold how many items and how long?
7 items for 5-10 minutes. ✓
7 items for 10-20 seconds. ✓
15 items for 1-5 minutes. ✓
4 items for 15 seconds. ✓
4. The condition whereby the body does not get enough oxygen to function correctly is known as:
Hyperventilation. ✓
Hyperglycemia. ✓
Hypoxia. ✓
Hypotension. ✓
5. You have planned to take a couple of friends on an air experience flight. On the day, the weather conditions are marginal and there is a strong cross-wind on the runway. As a competent assessor of risk, which of the following decisions should you take?
Proceed with the flight and treat it as an opportunity to practice flying in adverse conditions. ✓
Reschedule the flight for another time, discounting the immediate disappointment to your friends. ✓
Get airborne as planned, as it is always wise to stick to your flight plan if you possibly can. ✓
Ask your friends if they are prepared to fly in the prevailing conditions, before assessing the situation yourself. ✓
6. Pilots are more subject to spatial disorientation if:
Body signals are used to interpret flight attitude. ✓
Eyes are moved often in the process of cross-checking the flight instruments. ✓
They ignore all the body signals. ✓
They ignore the sensations of muscles and inner ear. ✓
7. Which part of the nervous system usually controls breathing?
The Peripheral Nervous System. ✓
All answers are correct. ✓
The Autonomic Nervous System. ✓
The Central Nervous System. ✓
8. Which of the following should a pilot primarily rely on if he becomes disorientated in instrument meteorological conditions?
His sense of balance. ✓
Turning the head to recover from disorientation. ✓
The aircraft's instruments. ✓
His sense of sight. ✓
9. Consistent adherence to approved checklists is a sign of:
Low-time pilot. ✓
Pilot with the lack of stress management. ✓
Pilot who lacks the required knowledge. ✓
Disciplined and competent pilot. ✓
10. As captain of an aircraft you will need to show good leadership skills. Which of the following is not one such skill?
Forward planning. ✓
Aggressive assertiveness. ✓
The art of delegation. ✓
Maintaining good situational awareness. ✓
11. Complete the following statement. The most appropriate time for a pilot to give passengers an initial briefing on emergency procedures is:
During a pre-flight safety briefing. ✓
At the moment any emergency occurs; it is not necessary to worry them before that. ✓
While waiting at the hold for take-off. ✓
Just after take-off. ✓
12. The vestibular apparatus detects ____ acceleration:
Linear. ✓
Angular and linear. ✓
Positive "g". ✓
Angular. ✓
13. Complete the following statement. If, as an inexperienced pilot, you are flying with someone of much greater experience, and you see him doing something you consider to be dangerous, you should:
Immediately question his course of action. ✓
Wait until the action or manoeuvre is completed, and then questions him. ✓
Ignore the situation because he obviously knows what he is doing. ✓
Do nothing for the moment, but check the wisdom and correctness of his action by discussing it with an instructor after you have landed. ✓
14. After donating blood, what is the minimum time a pilot should wait before flying?
24 hours. ✓
2 hours. ✓
48 hours. ✓
12 hours. ✓
15. Which will always affect your ability to fly?
Homeopathic drugs. ✓
Strong prescription analgesics and antihistamines. ✓
Antibiotics. ✓
Over-the-counter analgesics and antihistamines. ✓
16. If an aircraft accelerates, what do the otoliths indicate to the brain?
That the aircraft is pitching up. ✓
That the aircraft is pitching down. ✓
That the aircraft is climbing and turning. ✓
That the aircraft is turning. ✓
17. When can a pilot experience the "leans"?
In the climb. ✓
In all flight conditions. ✓
In the descent. ✓
In the climb or the descent. ✓
18. What is one effect smoking has on a pilot?
An increased sense of well-being. ✓
Decreases night vision by 50 percent. ✓
Creates additional carbon dioxide gases in the body which often leads to hyperventilation. ✓
Increases body heat which, in turn, creates a demand for more oxygen. ✓
19. You are suffering from a cold with slightly blocked nose and sinuses and you have an aircraft booked to fly. Should you:
Fly as normal? ✓
Not fly? ✓
Take a decongestant 1/2 an hour before flight? ✓
Fly, but be sure to select only low rates of climb and descent? ✓
20. Repeating information several times transfer it to long-term memory is called:
Memory induction. ✓
Prompting. ✓
Chunking. ✓
Rehearsing. ✓
21. Prior to starting each maneuver, pilots should:
Always ask clearance from the tower. ✓
Announce their intentions on the nearest CTAF. ✓
Check altitude, airspeed, and heading indications. ✓
Visually scan the entire area for collision avoidance. ✓
22. A likely symptom, or likely symptoms, of Hypoxia might be:
All answers are correct. ✓
Formication. ✓
Cyanosis. ✓
Increased heart rate. ✓
23. A false perception characterised by a distortion of real sensory stimuli is known as:
Mirage. ✓
Boredom response. ✓
Day-dreaming. ✓
Hallucination. ✓
24. In the aeronautical decision making (ADM) process, what is the first step in neutralizing a hazardous attitude?
Recognizing hazardous thoughts. ✓
Minimize the damages. ✓
Making a rational judgment. ✓
Recognizing the invulnerability of the situation. ✓
25. A pilot should not fly for at least how long after a local anesthetic?
24 hours. ✓
12 hours. ✓
2 hours. ✓
48 hours. ✓
26. An analogue display is generally better than a digital display for showing which sort of data?
Numerical. ✓
Subjective. ✓
Qualitative. ✓
Quantitative. ✓
27. Empty Field Myopia is a condition where the eyes naturally focus at a distance of approximately:
At the horizon. ✓
Infinity. ✓
1 - 2 meters. ✓
20 - 500 meters. ✓
28. If a pilot is used to flying in relatively polluted hazy air and then flies in a very clear sky:
Near objects may appear further away than they are. ✓
Distant objects may appear closer than they are. ✓
Distant objects may appear further away than they are. ✓
Near objects may be mistaken for those further away. ✓
29. Two pilots, both seated at the controls and qualified on type, have just commenced a flight when they experience an engine failure. Who should take control of the aircraft?
The pilot who, during the pre-flight briefing on emergencies, the captain agreed should take over control in such a situation. ✓
The pilot in the left-hand seat. ✓
The more experienced of the two. ✓
The captain. ✓
30. Who has the final responsibility whether a pilot is fit to fly for a particular flight, even though he or she holds a current medical certificate?
The medical examiner. ✓
The FA-1. ✓
The pilot. ✓
The ATC. ✓
31. The most effective technique to use for detecting other aircraft at night is:
To avoid staring directly at the point where another aircraft is suspected to be flying. ✓
Avoid scanning the region below the horizon so as to avoid the effect on ground light on the eyes. ✓
Turn the head and sweep the eyes rapidly over the entire visible region. ✓
Look at far away and scan slowly. ✓
32. The amount of light entering the eye is controlled by the:
Cornea. ✓
Lens. ✓
Retina. ✓
Pupil. ✓
33. Color-blindness or, more accurately, color-defective vision, is caused by:
A defect in the lens tissue of the eye. ✓
A foreshortened eyeball. ✓
A defect in the structure of the color-sensitive cones in the retina. ✓
Defective functioning of the ciliary muscles. ✓
34. The power of accommodation in an eye:
Is not affected by the degree of elasticity of the lens. ✓
Is increased as the elasticity of the lens decreases. ✓
Has nothing to do with the lens. ✓
Is decreased as the elasticity of the lens decreases. ✓
35. What is the most effective way to use the eyes during night flight?
Scan slowly to permit off-center viewing. ✓
Increase intensity of interior lighting. ✓
Look only at far away, dim lights. ✓
Concentrate directly on each object for a few seconds. ✓
36. Where is the blind spot?
Where the optic nerve enters the Retina. ✓
On the Fovea. ✓
On the edge of the Lens. ✓
On the Iris. ✓
37. High blood pressure, heart diseases and diabetes are related to:
Lack of oxygen. ✓
Anorexia nervosa. ✓
Obesity. ✓
Cholera. ✓
38. Susceptibility to carbon monoxide poisoning increases as:
Airspeed increases. ✓
Altitude increases. ✓
Air pressure increases. ✓
Altitude decreases. ✓
39. Approximately how long does it take a person to dissipate one unit of alcohol from the blood?
1/2 hour. ✓
5 hours. ✓
2 hours. ✓
12 hours. ✓
40. If a pilot is approaching a runway much larger than that at his home airfield, what is his visual perception of the runway likely to be?
The runway will appear further away than it actually is. ✓
A different approach path should be adopted. ✓
The runway will appear closer than it actually is. ✓
Distances will be easy to judge. ✓
41. At altitude the pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere is:
Unaffected, as partial pressure is independent of altitude. ✓
The same as at mean sea level (MSL). ✓
Lower than at MSL. ✓
Higher than at MSL. ✓
42. In order to see a sharp image of an oncoming aircraft which has been detected by the eye, a pilot should:
Commence a systematic scan of the airspace in front of him. ✓
Look to one side of the oncoming aircraft. ✓
Look directly at the oncoming aircraft. ✓
Blink several times to make the image clearer. ✓
43. To avoid missing important steps, always use the:
Airworthiness certificate. ✓
Pilot's manual book. ✓
Appropriate checklists. ✓
Placarded airspeeds. ✓
44. What effect does haze have on the ability to see traffic or terrain features during flight?
All traffic or terrain features appear to be farther away than their actual distance. ✓
All traffic or terrain features appear to be closer than their actual distance. ✓
Haze causes the eyes to focus at infinity. ✓
The eyes tend to overwork in haze and do not detect relative movement easily. ✓
45. Hypermetropia is caused by a ____ eyeball and treated by a ____ whereas Myopia is caused by a ____ eyeball and treated with_____.
Shortened / concave / lengthened / convex. ✓
Shortened / convex / lengthened / concave. ✓
Lengthened / concave / shortened / convex. ✓
Lengthened / convex / shortened / concave. ✓
46. Carbon monoxide is:
Stinging smelling, colorless gas ✓
Odorless, tasteless and colorless gas ✓
Tasteless and grey gas ✓
Crucial for humans ✓
47. Which gas, which is absorbed by the body during normal breathing, plays an important role in decompression sickness?
Carbon Monoxide. ✓
Nitrogen. ✓
Carbon Dioxide. ✓
Oxygen. ✓
48. Which statement concerning hypoxia is true?
Tingling of the skin and a false sense of security may be symptoms of hypoxia. ✓
Hypoxia is caused by nitrogen bubbles in the joints and bloodstream. ✓
Hypoxia is always easy to recognize. ✓
Forcing oneself to concentrate on the flight instruments will help to overcome the effects of hypoxia. ✓
49. A state of temporary confusion resulting from misleading information being sent to the brain by various sensory organs is defined as:
Spatial disorientation. ✓
Hypoxia ✓
Monochromatism ✓
Hyperventilation ✓
50. What is the component of the eye responsible for peripheral vision and sensitive to low light levels?
The Fovea. ✓
The Retina. ✓
The Rods. ✓
The Cones. ✓
51. Which of the following cases can be described as "a sudden incapasitaon"?
Pilot is not able to take actions during a flight ✓
Engine failure in critical flight phase ✓
Rapidly developing abnormal aircraft attitude ✓
Appendicitis ✓
52. What causes blue lips?
Carbon monoxide intoxication. ✓
Lack of oxygen. ✓
Positive G-forces. ✓
Hyperventilation. ✓
53. In the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), as altitude increases in the troposphere, air density:
Will not be affected as air density is independent of altitude. ✓
Decreases. ✓
Also increases. ✓
Stays the same. ✓
54. Rapid or extra deep breathing while using oxygen can cause a condition known as:
Hypoxia. ✓
Aerosinusitis. ✓
Hyperventilation. ✓
Aerotitis. ✓
55. What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as "impulsivity"?
It could happen to me. ✓
Do it quickly to get it over with. ✓
I don't care. ✓
Not so fast, think first. ✓
56. What is the purpose of the Eustachian tube?
To pass sound waves across the middle ear to the auditory nerve. ✓
To allow ambient pressure to equalise on both sides of the ear drum. ✓
To allow ambient pressure to equalise on both sides of the vestibular apparatus. ✓
To allow ambient pressure to equalise on the middle ear side of the ear drum. ✓
57. Which of the following gases regulate the rate and depth of breathing, depending on the levels at which the gas is present in the blood?
Carbon Dioxide. ✓
Oxygen. ✓
Nitrogen. ✓
Carbon Monoxide. ✓
58. Which of the following should a pilot primarily rely on if he becomes disorientated in Visual Meteorological Conditions?
His sense of sight. ✓
Turning the head to recover from disorientation. ✓
His sense of balance. ✓
The aircraft's instruments. ✓
59. Dark adaptation is impaired by exposure to:
Carbon dioxide. ✓
Nitrogen. ✓
Cabin pressure altitudes above 5,000 feet. ✓
Vitamin A in the diet. ✓
60. How much air pressure has dropped when climbing to 18 000 feet?
80% ✓
10% ✓
25% ✓
50% ✓
61. What is noise induced hearing loss?
Loss of hearing due to damage to the middle ear. ✓
Loss of hearing due to damage to the cochlea. ✓
Loss of hearing due to damage to the ossicles. ✓
Loss of hearing due to damage to the vestibular apparatus. ✓
62. Hypermetropia and Myopia are normally caused by:
Stress. ✓
Eye strain. ✓
A misshaped eye ball. ✓
Badly fitting spectacles. ✓
63. Which procedure is recommended to prevent or overcome spatial disorientation?
Systematically focus on different segments of the sky for short intervals. ✓
Avoid steep turns and rough control movements. ✓
Rely entirely on the indications of the flight instruments. ✓
Reduce head and eye movements to the greatest extend possible ✓
64. For the pilot of an aircraft on a head-on collision course with a fast-moving jet, the image of the approaching jet will appear to grow in size in the following manner:
At a constant rate. ✓
Rapidly initially, and then remain at a constant size until impact. ✓
Only slowly at first until just before impact when the image would grow in size very rapidly. ✓
Very rapidly at first but then continue to grow at a constant rate. ✓
65. As a pilot, flying for long periods in hot summer temperatures increases the susceptibility of dehydration since the:
Temperature decreases with altitude. ✓
Dry air at altitude tends to increase the rate of water loss from the body. ✓
Temperature increases with altitude ✓
Moist air at altitude helps retain the body's moisture. ✓
66. If taking a course of drugs, is it advisable to pilot an aircraft?
No, you should never fly while taking any drugs. ✓
Yes, provided that they are antibiotics, as these do not have side-effects. ✓
Yes, provided that the drug is non-prescription. ✓
No, unless cleared by an Aviation Medicine Specialist. ✓
67. The body gets energy from:
Minerals, carbohydrates and vitamins. ✓
Minerals and vitamins. ✓
Proteins and vitamins. ✓
Carbohydrates, proteins and fats. ✓
68. The outer, middle and inner ear are filled with:
Air, liquid, and liquid, respectively. ✓
Liquid, liquid, and air, respectively. ✓
Air, air, and liquid, respectively. ✓
Liquid, air, and air, respectively. ✓
69. The effects of Hypoxia can be increased by:
Increased temperature. ✓
Increased altitude. ✓
Alcohol. ✓
All answers are correct. ✓
70. Blood pressure may be too high due to:
Smoking. ✓
Stress. ✓
Age. ✓
All answers are correct. ✓
71. Large accumulations of carbon monoxide in the human body result in:
Loss of muscular power. ✓
Tightness across the forehead. ✓
An increased sense of well-being. ✓
Hyperventilation. ✓
72. If the atmospheric pressure decreases, the partial pressure of the oxygen in the atmosphere will:
Stay the same. ✓
Decrease. ✓
Not be affected as it is independent of atmospheric pressure. ✓
Increase. ✓
73. Air in the atmosphere is made up of:
Nitrogen (78 %), Oxygen (21%), Carbon Dioxide (0.03%) and Argon (1%). ✓
Nitrogen (21%), Oxygen (0.03%), Carbon Dioxide (78%) and Argon (1%). ✓
Nitrogen (1%), Oxygen (78%), Carbon Dioxide (21%) and Argon (0.03%). ✓
Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), Carbon Dioxide (0.03%) and Hydrogen (1%). ✓
74. Which of the following may cause fainting?
Over meticulous flight planning. ✓
All of the above. ✓
A too rapid eye scan. ✓
A sudden shock. ✓
75. On what does the causes of noise induced hearing loss depend?
The duration of the noise above 110 dbs. ✓
Both the intensity and duration of the noise above 90 dbs. ✓
The duration of the noise above 100 dbs. ✓
Both the intensity and duration of the noise above 100 dbs. ✓
76. In an unpressurised aircraft, at high altitudes the amount of oxygen that diffuses across the lung membranes into the blood is:
Decreased because of the lower temperatures. ✓
Increased because of the high partial pressure of oxygen. ✓
Unchanged to that at sea level. ✓
Decreased because of the low partial pressure of oxygen. ✓
77. While flying, the changes in outside air pressure can cause air trapped in the body cavities to expand and contract. This is known as Otic Barotrauma and it most likely to effect:
The middle ear. ✓
The teeth. ✓
The sinuses. ✓
All of the above. ✓
78. Risk management, as a part of aeronautical decision making ADM process, relies on which features to reduce the risk associated with each flight?
The mental process of analyzing all information in a particular situation and making a timely decision on what action to take. ✓
Situational awareness, problem recognition, and good judgment. ✓
All answers are correct. ✓
Application of stress management and risk element procedures. ✓
79. Compared to a non-smoker, someone who smokes is likely to experience the effects of hypoxia at:
A lower altitude. ✓
The same altitude. ✓
Any altitude. ✓
A higher altitude. ✓
80. The most important controller of breathing is:
Carbon dioxide ✓
Nitrogen ✓
Breathing rate ✓
Oxygen ✓
81. Flying when suffering from flu symptoms:
Increases tendency to suffer from blocked ears ✓
May cause illusions when making turns ✓
Weakens night vision ✓
Heals flu symptoms quickly ✓
82. In the international standard atmosphere (ISA), as altitude increases in the Troposphere, pressure:
Will not be affected as pressure is independent of altitude. ✓
Also increases. ✓
Stays the same. ✓
Decreases. ✓
83. The best preventative actions to take if someone is showing symptoms of Stroboscopic Effect is to:
Give him a task to distract him. ✓
Sit the person in a sunny area. ✓
Take no action, as the symptoms last for a short time only. ✓
Place the person in the shade and get them to close their eyes. ✓
84. Being badly overweight increases a pilot's susceptibility to which of the following conditions?
Hypoxia at higher altitudes. ✓
Heart attack. ✓
All of the above. ✓
Hypothermia ✓
85. Which technique should a pilot use to scan for traffic to the right and left during straight-and-level flight?
Look at far away and scan slowly. ✓
Concentrate on relative movement detected in the peripheral vision area. ✓
Systematically focus on different segments of the sky for short intervals. ✓
Continuous sweeping of the windshield from right to left. ✓
86. One of the main contributory factors to the onset of motion sickness is:
Stalling. ✓
The mismatch between visual and vestibular sensory inputs. ✓
Performing high g maneuvers. ✓
Rolling quickly into turns ✓
87. Learning to fly can be stressful because the student pilot is in situation without a fully control. The most likely symptom of stress is:
Sleepiness, the rise of smoking and drinking. ✓
Nervousness, muscle tension and attention issues. ✓
Rough handling of the aircraft and general confusion. ✓
The sense of hunger, sleepiness and optical illusions. ✓
88. Which statement best defines hypoxia?
An abnormal decrease in the volume of air breathed. ✓
An abnormal increase in the volume of air breathed. ✓
A condition of gas bubble formation around the joints or muscles. ✓
A state of oxygen deficiency in the body. ✓
89. What is the antidote when a pilot has the hazardous attitude of "invulnerability"?
It could happen to me. ✓
I don't care. ✓
It can not be that bad. ✓
It will not happen to me. ✓
90. If a pilot experiences spatial disorientation during flight in a restricted visibility condition, the best way to overcome the effect is to:
Consciously slow the breathing rate until symptoms clear and then resume normal. ✓
Increase breathing rate. ✓
Rely upon the aircraft instrument indications. ✓
Concentrate on yaw, pitch, and roll sensations. ✓
91. A pilot should not fly for at least how long after a general anesthetic?
2 hours. ✓
12 hours. ✓
48 hours. ✓
24 hours. ✓
92. The International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) sea-level pressure is equal to:
1013.25 mb. ✓
1014.00 mb. ✓
50 inches of mercury. ✓
1014.25 Hpa. ✓
93. If an individual has gone scuba diving which has required a controlled ascent and will be flying to cabin pressure altitudes of 8,000 feet or less, the recommended waiting time is at least:
12 hours. ✓
48 hours. ✓
4 hours. ✓
24 hours. ✓
94. When a person is experiencing stress or fear, adrenaline is released into the blood stream causing immediate:
Decrease in the pulse-rate. ✓
Fatigue. ✓
Increase in the pulse-rate. ✓
Loss of consciousness. ✓
95. To lessen the danger of collision with an aircraft which might be in a pilot's blind spot and closing on a constant relative bearing, the pilot should:
Carry out a systematic look out at all times. ✓
Change heading by a few degrees every 10 minutes or so. ✓
Roll the aircraft from right to left by a few degrees every 10 minutes or so. ✓
Carry out periodic clearing turns. ✓
96. The three-needle type altimeter used in many light aircraft is: a) Easy to mis-read. b) Hardly ever mis-read. c) Accurate and reliable. d) Not very accurate or reliable.
b) and d). ✓
Only a). ✓
a) and c). ✓
Only b). ✓
97. Mental Overload usually:
Causes changes in the speed and accuracy of performance which vary from individual to individual. ✓
Leads to degraded performance. ✓
Has no effect on performance. ✓
Leads to better performance. ✓
98. The frequency band that a healthy young person can hear is:
70 - 15.000 cycles per second. ✓
20 - 20.000 cycles per second. ✓
80 - 20.000 cycles per second. ✓
500 - 15.000 cycles per second. ✓
99. Presbycusis is an impairment of hearing due to:
Age. ✓
Smoking. ✓
Damage to the cochlea. ✓
Damage to the semi-circular canals. ✓
100. Accommodation is the power of the lens to focus rays of light from near objects onto the Fovea. Accommodation is controlled by:
The Retina. ✓
The Ciliary muscles. ✓
The Iris. ✓
The Rods and Cones. ✓
101. Which organ controls all other bodily functions?
The spinal cord. ✓
The lungs. ✓
The brain. ✓
The heart. ✓
102. Which of the following attitudes and/or characteristics are not good communication and especially dangerous when flying?
Respect for other peoples' opinions. ✓
Arrogance and aggressiveness. ✓
A highly developed sense of leadership. ✓
All of the above. ✓
103. "Error" is a generic term which describes all those occasions when a series of mental or physical activities do not achieve their intended effect. Now, complete the following statement. Errors:
Are isolated with no further consequence or influence. ✓
May be isolated or cumulative. ✓
Are cumulative, one error leads to a second, which leads to a third etc. ✓
Are always part of the error chain. ✓
104. What preparation should a pilot make to adapt the eyes for night flying?
Avoid red lights at least 30 minutes before the flight. ✓
Wear sunglasses after sunset until ready for flight. ✓
Stay in the dark room at least 60 minutes before the flight. ✓
Avoid bright white lights at least 30 minutes before the flight. ✓
105. At night it is easier to focus on an object if you:
Look about 50 degrees either side of it. ✓
Look directly at it. ✓
Look slightly to one side of it. ✓
Look directly at it while holding your eyes open as wide as you can. ✓
106. From the options below, choose the correct sequence of the various stages of the reasoning process.
Perception, Action, Feedback, Detection, Decisions taken. ✓
Detection, Perception, Decisions taken, Feedback, Action. ✓
Detection, Feedback, Decisions taken, Action, Perception. ✓
Detection, Perception, Decisions taken, Action, Feedback. ✓
107. When flying solo, a pilot who suspects he is suffering from spatial disorientation should:
Blink rapidly several times. ✓
Swallow hard, pinch the nostrils and blow down the nose to clear the Eustachian tube. ✓
Believe the indications of his instruments. ✓
Believe his somatosensory senses. ✓
108. At altitude, the volumetric proportion of oxygen in the atmosphere is:
Higher than at MSL. ✓
Lower than at MSL. ✓
Dependent on the actual altitude. ✓
The same as at mean sea level (MSL). ✓
109. The danger of spatial disorientation during flight in poor visual conditions may be reduced by:
Shifting the eyes quickly between the exterior visual field and the instrument panel. ✓
Leaning the body in the opposite direction of the motion of the aircraft. ✓
Having faith in the instruments rather than taking a chance on the sensory organs. ✓
Systematically focus on different segments of the sky for short intervals. ✓
110. Complete the following sentence. If your Eustachian tube is blocked and you cannot clear your ears, you should:
Ground yourself until the condition causing the blocking of the Eustachian tube has cleared up. ✓
Clear your nose with a nasal inhaler before flying. ✓
Fly only as a passenger. ✓
Proceed with your flight but ensure that you swallow hard frequently. ✓
111. One aid in increasing night vision effectiveness would be to:
Force the eyes to view off center. ✓
Look directly at objects. ✓
Increase intensity of interior lighting. ✓
Look at far away. ✓
112. Which body system is responsible for distributing oxygen around the body?
The Oxidation System. ✓
The Circulatory System. ✓
The Nervous System. ✓
The Respiratory System. ✓
113. What are Stress Factors or Stressors?
Measures of stress exhibited by a person. ✓
Pulse-rate inducers. ✓
Circumstances or events which provoke any kind of reaction to the demands placed upon the human organism. ✓
Events and circumstances which cause stress. ✓
114. Which of the following are ways to help avoid stress in the cockpit?
Not allowing yourself to be rushed into acting before you are ready. ✓
All of the above. ✓
Modifying your pre-flight plan whenever you feel you are off-track or behind time. ✓
Having a cool drink at hand, at all times. ✓
115. Hyperventilation results from:
Excess carbon dioxide in the body. ✓
A lack of carbon dioxide in the body. ✓
Flying too high without supplemental oxygen. ✓
Breathing too rapidly causing a lack of oxygen. ✓
116. Hazardous attitudes occur to every pilot to some degree at some time. What are some of these hazardous attitudes?
Poor situational awareness, snap judgments, and lack of a decision making process. ✓
All answers are correct. ✓
Poor risk management and lack of stress management. ✓
Antiauthority, impulsivity, macho, resignation, and invulnerability. ✓
117. Which of the following gases is related to decompression sickness?
Oxygen. ✓
Nitrogen. ✓
Hydrogen. ✓
Carbon dioxide. ✓
118. An illusion, that an aircraft is at a higher altitude than it actually is, is produced by:
Upsloping terrain. ✓
Wide runway. ✓
Downsloping terrain. ✓
Atmospheric haze. ✓
119. A pilot should be able to overcome the symptoms or avoid future occurrences of hyperventilation by:
Slowing the breathing rate, breathing into a bag, or talking aloud. ✓
Closely monitoring the flight instruments to control the airplane. ✓
Speeding up the breathing rate. ✓
Increasing the breathing rate in order to increase lung ventilation. ✓
120. The positive three-step process in the exchange of flight controls between pilots includes these verbal steps: (a) You have the flight controls, (b) I have the flight controls, and c) ____.
I have the flight controls. ✓
I have the aircraft. ✓
You have the flight controls. ✓
I have the aircraft and the flight controls. ✓
121. Which of the following carries oxygen throughout the body?
Water. ✓
White blood cells (leucocytes). ✓
Plasma. ✓
Red blood cells (erythrocytes). ✓
122. In which part of the eye is visual acuity at its highest?
The Pupil. ✓
The Fovea. ✓
The Cornea. ✓
The Retina. ✓
123. Which of the following occur when a pilot is sitting too high in a cockpit? a. Good downward outside view. b. Poor view of instruments. c. Upwards outside view obstructed.
Only a). ✓
a) and c) only. ✓
a) and b) only. ✓
a), b) and c). ✓
124. In red blood cells oxygen attracts to:
Carbon dioxide ✓
Hematocrit ✓
Carbon monoxide ✓
Hemoglobin ✓
125. Carbon monoxide in an aircraft cabin is:
Easily recognizable because of its peculiar odor. ✓
Easily recognizable because of its peculiar color. ✓
Easier to recognize when flying over 18,000 feet because the level of the oxygen decreases. ✓
Difficult to recognize because of its odorless and colorless. ✓
126. The blood carries ____ around the body and removes ____ from the body with the exchange occurring in the ____.
Carbon / Dioxide / Oxygen Veins. ✓
Carbon Dioxide / Oxygen / Capillaries. ✓
Oxygen / Carbon Dioxide / Arteries. ✓
Oxygen / Carbon Dioxide / Capillaries. ✓
127. What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as "Antiauthority"?
Follow the rules. ✓
I know what I am doing ✓
Rules do not apply in this situation. ✓
I don't care. ✓
128. Which of the following organs of the body supplies the single most dependable source of sensory information?
The Ear. ✓
The Eye. ✓
The Nose. ✓
The Neo-cortex. ✓
129. Which statement is true regarding alcohol in the human system?
Alcohol renders a pilot more susceptible to hypoxia. ✓
Small amount of alcohol will improve activity. ✓
Small amounts of alcohol will not impair flying skills. ✓
Coffee helps metabolize alcohol and alleviates a hangover. ✓
130. Enter into the following statement the most correct pair of gases from the options below. Hemoglobin in red blood cells is more readily attracted to ____ than ____.
Carbon Monoxide / Oxygen. ✓
Carbon Dioxide / Nitrogen. ✓
Nitrogen / Oxygen. ✓
Oxygen / Nitrogen. ✓
131. Which would most likely result in hyperventilation?
The excessive consumption of alcohol. ✓
Chain smoking. ✓
An extremely slow rate of breathing and insufficient oxygen. ✓
Emotional tension, anxiety, or fear. ✓
132. Good briefings are very important. Which of the following could be the result of a bad briefing?
Decreased uncertainty. ✓
Good transfer of knowledge. ✓
Increased uncertainty. ✓
Good understanding of information. ✓
133. Motion sickness is caused by:
Continued stimulation of the tiny portion of the inner ear which controls sense of balance. ✓
Instability in the brain cells which affect balance and will generally be overcome with experience. ✓
The eyes working on to allocate the horizon when an aircraft is in constant movement. ✓
The movement of an aircraft causing the stomach to create an acid substance which causes the stomach lining to contract. ✓
134. Which of the following statements is true?
Increasing the altitude reduces alcohols harmful effects. ✓
Alcohol improves the visual acuity. ✓
Even small amounts of alcohol may decline evaluation ability. ✓
A human body burns alcohol faster if you drink coffee at the same time. ✓
135. The best method to use when looking for other traffic at night is to:
Look to the side of the object and scan rapidly. ✓
Look to the side of the object and scan slowly. ✓
Avoid scanning the region below the horizon so as to avoid the effect on ground light on the eyes. ✓
Scan the visual field very rapidly. ✓
136. A rapid acceleration can create the illusion of being in a:
Left turn. ✓
Nose up attitude. ✓
Tailspin. ✓
Nose down attitude. ✓
137. Which occurs when climbing above 18,000 feet in an unpressurized aircraft without supplemental oxygen?
The oxygen pressure within the lungs remains the same. ✓
The oxygen pressure within the lungs cannot be maintained without an increase in inhaled oxygen pressure. ✓
Gases trapped in the body contract and prevent nitrogen from escaping the bloodstream. ✓
The pressure in the middle ear becomes less than the atmospheric pressure in the cabin. ✓
138. When making a decision, will a pilot be influenced by previous experience?
No, each decision is unrelated. ✓
Yes, but only if the experience was bad. ✓
Yes, past experience can play a part in decision-making. ✓
Yes, but only if the experience is good. ✓
139. What causes conductive deafness?
Damage to the outer ear. ✓
Damage to the ossicles or the eardrum. ✓
Damage to the middle ear. ✓
Damage to the pinna. ✓
140. What is the one common factor which affects most preventable accidents?
Opponents error. ✓
Human error. ✓
Structural failure. ✓
Mechanical malfunction. ✓
141. What suggestion could you make to your pilot fellow who is experiencing motion sickness?
Recommend taking medication to prevent motion sickness. ✓
Recommend breathing into the paper bag. ✓
Avoid unnecessary head movement and to keep her/his eyes on a point outside the aircraft. ✓
Lower her/his head, shut her/his eyes, and take deep breaths. ✓
142. A likely symptom, or likely symptoms, of Hypoxia might be:
Impaired judgment. ✓
Unconsciousness. ✓
Tingling fingers and toes. ✓
All answers are correct. ✓
143. You are preparing for a training flight with an instructor and cannot find your checklist. You should:
Perform the checks from memory. ✓
Rely on the instructor to point out anything that you might have missed. ✓
Take time to find the checklist at the risk of missing part of your airborne time. ✓
Use a checklist for a different aircraft type. ✓
144. You are taking a friend flying and are cruising at 6,000 ft. Your passenger begins suffering from a tingling sensation, dizziness and visual disorders and then becomes unconscious. Your passenger is probably suffering from:
Hypoxia. ✓
Angina. ✓
Hyperventilation. ✓
Food poisoning. ✓
145. Gas exchange takes place in the:
Pulmonary artery ✓
Bronchus ✓
Aorta ✓
Alveoli ✓
146. What is the most important sense for spatial orientation?
Hearing and balance. ✓
All senses play their part in situation awareness. ✓
Sight. ✓
"Seat of the pants". ✓
147. Which of the following will give the illusion that the aircraft is too low during an approach?
An up-sloping runway. ✓
A brightly lit aerodrome in an otherwise dark area. ✓
A narrower than normal runway. ✓
A down-sloping runway. ✓
148. Brain cells that have been deprived of oxygen will start to die in:
2 seconds. ✓
2 minutes. ✓
30 minutes. ✓
2 hours. ✓
149. Dark adaptation takes about ____ for the Rods, and ____ for the Cones.
15 minutes / 20 minutes. ✓
30 minutes / 7 minutes. ✓
25 minutes / 45 minutes. ✓
7 minutes / 30 minutes. ✓
150. During a climb to 18,000 ft, the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere:
Increases. ✓
Remains the same. ✓
Decreases. ✓
Explodes. ✓
151. Loudness is measured in:
Hertz. ✓
Pascal ́s. ✓
Decibels. ✓
Cycle per second. ✓
152. During straight and level flight any pronounced linear acceleration may produce sensation of the nose pitching up. In such a situation, the pilot should:
Ignore vestibular information and believe what the instruments are indicating. ✓
Correct the pitching movement by moving the control column slightly forward. ✓
Rely on his "seat of the pants" feeling to make any necessary correction. ✓
Rely on information from the vestibular apparatus to maintain orientation. ✓
153. When compared to visual stimuli, auditory stimuli (noises) are:
More likely to attract at tention and less likely to be responded to in error. ✓
Less likely to attract attention and less likely to be responded to in error. ✓
More likely to attract attention and more likely to be responded to in error. ✓
Less likely to attract attention and more likely to be responded to in error. ✓
154. Hypoxia is the result of:
Excessive nitrogen in the bloodstream. ✓
Shortage of oxygen in the body. ✓
Insufficient oxygen in the air. ✓
All answers are correct. ✓
155. If advice is needed concerning possible flight with an illness, a pilot should contact:
The general practitioner. ✓
The nearest hospital. ✓
Their family doctor. ✓
An Aviation Medical Examiner. ✓
156. Where human's sence of balance is located?
In hypophysis ✓
In the middle ear ✓
In the inner ear ✓
In "seat of the pants" and lower limbs ✓
157. Which of the following are terms generally used to describe a type or types of memory within the subject of Human Performance and Limitations?
Felicitous memory. ✓
All of them. ✓
Sensitive memory. ✓
Long-term memory. ✓
158. Above what altitude do pilots need to breath supplementary oxygen?
2,000 ft. ✓
8,000 ft. ✓
10,000 ft. ✓
20,000 ft. ✓
159. In the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), as altitude increases in the Troposphere, temperature:
Stays the same. ✓
Will not be affected as it is independent of altitude. ✓
Also increases. ✓
Decreases. ✓
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