BIOL132 Fungi

what organisms live a fungal like lifestyle but ARE NOT fungi ?

true or false, most fungi can reproduce sexually and asexually

asexual spores are ....... (half the number of chromosomes)

asexual reproduction in fungi occurs when the conditions are ........

sexual reproduction occurs when conditions are ...........

spores of .............( mushrooms and toadstools) are produced externally on the end of specialised cells called basidia

spores of ........... are produced internally inside a sack called the ascus

The fungus Puccinia graminis causes .... .... which infects wheat

stem rust can overwinter on a plant called ........ this is an example of a survival technique

fungi explore the environment using ...... creating a ........

septate mycelium is where lots of separate cells make up the mycelium whereas ......... mycelium has lots of free nuclei (a.k.a coenocytic)

slime moulds are not classed as fungi anymore as they do not have mycelium networks made up of hyphae, they are however similar to syncytial mycelium in the sense that they are a ....... cell with .... nuclei

the ... of the hyphae is where there is most activity

the tip of the hyphae excretes the enzyme ......... which breaks the bonds between ..... monomers allowing for the cell to take up the nutrients.

fungi are ............ just like humans, we cannot make our own food

fungi which decompose dead material are known as .......... fungi

........... fungi are aggressive pathogens which kill the host plant cells and use the nutrients to support their own growth

............. fungi are pathogens that have a phase of symbiosis with the host before necrotrophy

......... pathogens live their whole life cycle inside a live host

some fungi such as lichens exemplify .......... relationships whereby both individuals benefit

.......... are fungal toxins which harm humans and animals

fungal secretion occurs mainly from hyphal tip, this includes enzymes, proteins, effectors, metabolites, etc which may be to ... or to manipulate or .... from the host

........ is a form of poisoning from ingesting grains, typically rye, that have been infected by the ascomycete fungus Claviceps purpurea

there are many medical fungal products which we rely on today, these include antibiotics such as ......... and immunosuppressants such as ...........

.... ..... ..... (Magnaporthe oryzae) is the major pathogen of cultivated rice globally