Megafauna of North America

Given the taxonomy and geography, can you guess all terrestrial megafauna currently found in North America, native or otherwise?

Megafauna is defined here as species capable of reaching or surpassing 100 lbs (46 kg) in mass.

Only species confirmed to have breeding populations in the wild.

Species are at least semi-terrestrial.

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Last updated: March 27, 2023

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First submitted	March 15, 2023
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Order	Family	Scientific Name	Common Name	Current Range
Pilosans	Myrmecophagidae	Myrmecophaga tridactyla	Giant Anteater	parts of Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Honduras
Rodents	Castoridae	Castor canadensis	American Beaver	from Alaska and Newfoundland to northern Mexico
Carnivorans	Felidae	Puma concolor	Cougar	from western halves of southern Canada and contiguous US to Panama; also southern Florida
Carnivorans	Felidae	Panthera onca	Jaguar	from the Mexico-US border to Panama
Carnivorans	Canidae	Canis lupus	Grey Wolf	Alaska and the northern Rocky Mountain states + small portions of New Mexico and Sonora
Carnivorans	Ursidae	Ursus arctos	Brown Bear	from Alaska and western Canada south to Wyoming
Carnivorans	Ursidae	Ursus maritimus	Polar Bear	Alaska and northern Canada
Carnivorans	Ursidae	Ursus americanus	American Black Bear	from Alaska and Newfoundland to northern Mexico
Carnivorans	Mustelidae	Enhydra lutris	Sea Otter	Pacific coast
Carnivorans	Otariidae	Arctocephalus townsendi	Guadalupe Fur Seal	Channel Islands of California, Guadalupe Island of Mexico
Carnivorans	Otariidae	Callorhinus ursinus	Northern Fur Seal	Pacific and Bering coasts
Carnivorans	Otariidae	Eumetopias jubatus	Steller Sea Lion	Pacific and Bering coasts
Carnivorans	Otariidae	Zalophus californianus	California Sea Lion	Pacific coast from southern Mexico to southeast Alaska
Carnivorans	Odobenidae	Odobenus rosmarus	Walrus	Bering and Arctic coasts of Alaska as well as northeastern Nunavut
Carnivorans	Phocidae	Cystophora cristata	Hooded Seal	Atlantic coast from Gulf of Maine to Baffin Bay
Carnivorans	Phocidae	Erignathus barbatus	Bearded Seal	Bering and Arctic coasts of Alaska
Carnivorans	Phocidae	Halichoerus grypus	Grey Seal	coastal New England, the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, and Labrador
Carnivorans	Phocidae	Histriophoca fasciata	Ribbon Seal	Bering and Arctic coasts of Alaska
Carnivorans	Phocidae	Mirounga angustirostris	Northern Elephant Seal	Pacific coast from Baja California to Aleutian Islands
Carnivorans	Phocidae	Phoca largha	Spotted Seal	Bering and Arctic coasts of Alaska
Carnivorans	Phocidae	Phoca vitulina	Harbor Seal	Pacific coast from Baja California to Aleutian Islands, Atlantic coast from Carolinas to Baffin Bay
Carnivorans	Phocidae	Pusa hispida	Ringed Seal	Bering, Arctic, and north Atlantic coasts
Even-toed Ungulates	Tayassuidae	Dicotyles tajacu	Collared Peccary	from southwest US to Panama
Even-toed Peccary	Tayassuidae	Tayassu pecari	White-lipped Peccary	from southeast Mexico to Panama
Even-toed Ungulates	Suidae	Sus scrofa (x domestica)	Wild Boar	introduced to southeast US and parts of California
Even-toed Ungulates	Antilocapridae	Antilocapra americana	Pronghorn	Saskatchewan and Washington to Baja California and San Luis Potosí
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Cervus canadensis	Elk	western half of contiguous US and Canada, fragmented pockets throughout the east
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Cervus elaphus	Red Deer	introduced to south-central Texas
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Cervus nippon	Sika Deer	introduced to Long Island, Delmarva Peninsula, and south-central Texas

Order	Family	Scientific Name	Common Name	Current Range
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Axis axis	Chital	introduced to Texas
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Dama dama	European Fallow Deer	introduced to Texas
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Rangifer arcticus	Arctic Caribou	from Alaska and western Greenland to British Columbia and Alberta
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Rangifer caribou	Woodland Caribou	eastern Canada
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Rangifer groenlandicus	Greenland Caribou	southern and eastern Greenland
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Odocoileus virginianus	White-tailed Deer	from southern Canada through all of the contiguous US (minus parts of the southwest) to all of Mexico and Central America
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Odocoileus hemionus	Mule Deer	from southeastern Alaska and the Yukon to Baja California and San Luis Potosí
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Odocoileus pandora	Yucatán Brown Brocket	Yucatán Peninsula
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Mazama temama	Central American Brocket	from the Gulf Coast of Mexico to Panama
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Alces alces	Moose	most of Alaska and Canada, the northern Rocky Mountain states of the US, the Great Lakes region, and New England
Even-toed Ungulates	Bovidae	Bison bison	American Bison	tiny pockets across Alaska, western Canada, and the contiguous US
Even-toed Ungulates	Bovidae	Boselaphus tragocamelus	Nilgai	introduced to southern Texas
Even-toed Ungulates	Bovidae	Ovis canadensis	Bighorn Sheep	from British Columbia and Alberta to Baja California and Sonora
Even-toed Ungulates	Bovidae	Ovis dalli	Dall Sheep	northern Rocky Mountains as well as Alaska and Brooks ranges
Even-toed Ungulates	Bovidae	Ovibos moschatus	Musk Ox	parts of coastal Alaska, High Arctic Nunavut, and Greenland
Even-toed Ungulates	Bovidae	Oreamnos americanus	Mountain Goat	Rocky and Cascade ranges from southeast Alaska to Colorado
Even-toed Ungulates	Bovidae	Capra aegagrus	Bezoar Ibex	introduced to Florida Mountains WSA in New Mexico
Even-toed Ungulates	Bovidae	Ammotragus lervia	Aoudad	introduced to Texas and New Mexico, parts of California
Even-toed Ungulates	Bovidae	Antilope cervicapra	Blackbuck	introduced to Texas
Even-toed Ungulates	Bovidae	Oryx gazella	Gemsbok	introduced to New Mexico, parts of Texas
Odd-toed Ungulates	Equidae	Equus caballus	Domestic Horse	introduced across western half of Canada, contiguous US, and Mexico; various coastal Atlantic islands
Odd-toed Ungulates	Equidae	Equus asinus	Domestic Donkey	introduced to southwestern US and Mexico
Odd-toed Ungulates	Tapiridae	Tapirus bairdii	Baird’s Tapir	from the Gulf Coast of Mexico to Panama
Crocodilians	Alligatoridae	Alligator mississippiensis	American Alligator	coastal plain from southern Florida to Texas and North Carolina; far northeast of Mexico
Crocodilians	Alligatoridae	Caiman crocodilus	Spectacled Caiman	from southern Mexico to Panama; introduced to parts of southern Florida
Crocodilians	Crocodylidae	Crocodylus acutus	American Crocodile	southern Florida; all of Central America and the Yucatán Peninsula, and on the Pacific coast of Mexico as far north as Sonora
Crocodilians	Crocodylidae	Crocodylus moreletii	Morelet’s Crocodile	the Gulf Coast of Mexico and the Yucatán Peninsula
Turtles	Testudinidae	Gopherus flavomarginatus	Bolson Tortoise	northwestern Mexico as well as small portions of Arizona and New Mexico
Squamates	Pythonidae	Python bivittatus	Burmese Python	introduced to southern and central Florida

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