Megafauna of South America

Given the taxonomy and geography, can you guess all terrestrial megafauna currently found in South America, native or otherwise?

Megafauna is defined here as species capable of reaching or surpassing 100 lbs (46 kg) in mass.

Only species confirmed to have breeding populations in the wild.

Species are at least semi-terrestrial.

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Last updated: August 14, 2023

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First submitted	March 23, 2023
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Order	Family	Species	Common Name	Distribution
Pilosans	Myrmecophagidae	Myrmecophaga tridactyla	Giant Anteater	from the Pacific coast of Colombia throughout Greater Amazonia to northern Argentina
Armadillos	Chlamyphoridae	Priodontes maximus	Giant Armadillo	Greater Amazonia from Colombia to northern Argentina, excluding parts of eastern Brazil
Carnivora	Ursidae	Tremarctos ornatus	Spectacled Bear	the Andes Mountains from Venezuela to Bolivia
Carnivora	Otariidae	Zalophus wollebaeki	Galápagos Sea Lion	the Galápagos Islands and Isla de la Plata of Ecuador
Carnivora	Otariidae	Otaria flavescens	South American Sea Lion	coastlines between Ecuador and southernmost Brazil
Carnivora	Otariidae	Arctocephalus australis	South American Fur Seal	coastlines between southern Peru and southernmost Brazil
Carnivora	Otariidae	Arctocephalus philippii	Juan Fernández Fur Seal	Juan Fernández and Desventuradas islands of Chile
Carnivora	Otariidae	Arctocephalus galapagoensis	Galápagos Fur Seal	Galápagos Islands
Carnivora	Phocidae	Mirounga leonina	Southern Elephant Seal	coasts of southern Chile and Argentina
Carnivora	Felidae	Puma concolor	Cougar	virtually the entire continent
Carnivora	Felidae	Panthera onca	Jaguar	fragmented patches from Colombia throughout Greater Amazonia to northern Argentina and southeast Brazil
Even-toed Ungulates	Camelidae	Lama guanicoe	Guanaco	Andes from central Peru to Argentina, and throughout Patagonia
Even-toed Ungulates	Camelidae	Lama vicugna	Vicuña	Andes from Ecuador to Argentina
Even-toed Ungulates	Suidae	Sus scrofa (x domestica)	Wild Boar	introduced to southern Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina
Even-toed Ungulates	Tayassuidae	Dicotyles tajacu	Collared Peccary	from Colombia and Ecuador to southeast Brazil and Uruguay
Even-toed Ungulates	Tayassuidae	Tayassu pecari	White-lipped Peccary	from Colombia and Ecuador to southeast Brazil, excluding parts of Venezuela and eastern Colombia
Even-toed Ungulates	Tayassuidae	Parachoerus wagneri	Chacoan Peccary	Chaco region of eastern Bolivia, western Paraguay, and northern Argentina
Even-toed Ungulates	Bovidae	Bubalus bubalis	Domestic Water Buffalo	introduced to patches of Amazonia and Argentina
Even-toed Ungulates	Bovidae	Antilope cervicapra	Blackbuck	introduced to Argentina
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Cervus elaphus	Red Deer	introduced to Argentina and Chile
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Dama dama	European Fallow Deer	introduced to Argentina and Uruguay
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Mazama americana	Red Brocket	from Colombia and Ecuador to southeast Brazil and northern Argentina
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Mazama temama	Central American Brocket	western Colombia

Order	Family	Species	Common Name	Distribution
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Odocoileus virginianus	White-tailed Deer	Colombia, Venezuela, the Guiana Shield, and sub-alpine Peru
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Blastocerus dichotomus	Marsh Deer	fragmented patches from eastern Argentina to central Brazil and eastern Bolivia
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Ozotoceros bezoarticus	Pampas Deer	fragmented patches throughout Argentina and Bolivia to northern Brazil
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Hippocamelus antisensis	Taruca	Andes from central Peru to northwest Argentina
Even-toed Ungulates	Cervidae	Hippocamelus bisulcus	Huemul	Andes of southern Chile and Argentina
Odd-toed Ungulates	Tapiridae	Tapirus terrestris	Lowland Tapir	Greater Amazonia from Colombia to north-central Brazil and northern Argentina
Odd-toed Ungulates	Tapiridae	Tapirus pinchaque	Mountain Tapir	Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru
Odd-toed Ungulates	Tapiridae	Tapirus bairdii	Baird’s Tapir	western Colombia
Odd-toed Ungulates	Equidae	Equus caballus	Domestic Horse	introduced to patches of the Andes from Colombia to Chile, as well as northern Brazil
Rodents	Castoridae	Castor canadensis	American Beaver	introduced to Tierra del Fuego
Rodents	Caviidae	Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris	Common Capybara	the entire continent east of the Andes and north of Patagonia
Crocodilians	Alligatoridae	Caiman yacare	Yacare Caiman	from Bolivia and western Brazil to eastern Argentina
Crocodilians	Alligatoridae	Caiman crocodilus	Spectacled Caiman	Greater Amazonia from northern Bolivia and central Brazil to Colombia and the Guiana Shield
Crocodilians	Alligatoridae	Caiman latirostris	Broad-snouted Caiman	Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern and eastern Brazil
Crocodilians	Alligatoridae	Melanosuchus niger	Black Caiman	Amazonia from eastern Peru to the Guiana Shield
Crocodilians	Crocodylidae	Crocodylus acutus	American Crocodile	coasts of Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela
Crocodilians	Crocodylidae	Crocodylus intermedius	Orinoco Crocodile	Orinoco Basin of Venezuela and eastern Colombia
Turtles	Testudinidae	Chelonoidis denticulatus	Yellow-footed Tortoise	Amazon Basin
Turtles	Testudinidae	Chelonoidis niger	Galápagos Tortoise	Galápagos Islands
Turtles	Podocnemididae	Podocnemis expansa	Arrau Turtle	Amazon Basin from Bolivia to northern Brazil and Venezuela
Squamates	Boidae	Eunectes murinus	Green Anaconda	Greater Amazonia from Colombia and the Guiana Shield to eastern Brazil and Paraguay
Squamates	Boidae	Eunectes notaeus	Yellow Anaconda	from eastern Bolivia to northeast Argentina and Uruguay

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