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Definition
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Term
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Needs attention and must be solved
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Problem
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Series of unambiguous, finite step-by-step instructions designed to solve above
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Algorithm
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Thinking Procedurally
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Reduces solution to series of simple sequential steps in order to obtain desired output.
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Procedure
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Dividing problems or sub-problems into smaller sub-problems
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Top-down design
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Series of commands to solve specific sub-problem. Example: calculation of discriminant (b^2-4ac)
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Sub-procedure
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Thinking Logically
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Repeating series of instructions within algorithm. Examples: for/from to loop, while loop
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Iteration
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Performs different instructions based on Boolean test
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Conditional statement
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What is evaluated in order to determine whether statements in "if" statement run. Examples: a>0, a==b
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Boolean condition
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Common sense in algorithmic thinking and programming. Examples: If it rains, wear raincoat.
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Logical rules
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Thinking Ahead
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What is put into program
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Input
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Produced by program after process
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Output
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Planning in advance. Examples: Pre-ordering product, pre-heating oven
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Pre-planning
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Example of above. Consists of pre-formed elements and pre-written code, classes, procedures, methods, etc. that offer programmes additional and more efficient functionality to programs
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Software library
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Transferring data or instructions from memory to cache for when they are needed so that time is not wasted waiting for data from RAM.
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Prefetching
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Bar chart for project management that shows tasks, activities, and events in relation to time. One bar for task, length of bar represents timeframe.
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Gantt chart
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What must be true before sub-procedure is called; starting state before algorithm
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Pre-condition
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What will be true after sub-procedure; final state after algorithm
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Post-condition
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Event that disrupts anticipated flow of program's execution. Can be handled by most modern programming language features.
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Exception
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Thinking concurrently
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Execution of different instructions simultaneously by multiple processors in order to achieve most efficient performance. Example: "Pasta with sauce"
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Concurrent processing
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Thinking Abstractly
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Reflecting on events, ideas, attributes, and relationships, ignoring details irrelevant to accomplish a goal.
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Abstract thinking
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Example of above, based on principle that all everyday tasks can be considered entities.
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Object-oriented programming (OOP)
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Used by above. Describe data/properties and behaviours/methods of real objects, facilitating code reusability and abstraction. Examples: car1 and car2
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Programming objects
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Data structure/Abstract Data Type consisting of data and predefined methods that operate on data, i.e. add, store, manage, retrieve, manipulate, and communicate data using predefined methods.
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Collection
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Abstraction of reality showing spatial distribution and emphasizes particular theme, such as average income distribution in georgraphic area.
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Thematic map
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Abstracts three-dimensional features of real world into smaller two-dimensional representations, paper or screen.
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Topographic map
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Shows boundaries/borders of countries and states, as well as locations of cities and towns.
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Political map
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