A Level Biology - Transport in animals

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Last updated: April 26, 2018
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First submittedApril 26, 2018
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Definition
Keyword
The movement of substances such as oxygen, nutrients, hormones, waste and heart around the body
Transport
One in which the blood flows through the heart twice for each circuit of the body
Double circulatory system
The enzyme that catalyses the combination of carbon dioxide and water
Carbonic anhydrase
One in which the blood flows through the heart once for each circuit of the body
Single circulatory system
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Arteries
One in which the blood is not held in vessels
Open circulatory system
The fluid held in the lymphatic system, which is a system of tubes that returns excess tissue fluid to the blood system
Lymph
Valves between the atria and the ventricles, which ensure that blood flows in the correct direction
Atrio-ventricular valves
One in which the blood is held in vessels
Closed circulatory system
Very small blood vessels with very thin walls
Capillaries
Small blood vessels that distribute blood from an artery to the capillaries
Arterioles
The fluid used to transport materials around the body
Blood
Small blood vessels that collect blood from capillaries and lead into the veins
Venules
Muslce that can initiate its own contraction
Myogenic
The fluid portion of the blood
Plasma
The fluid surrounding the cells and tissue
Tissue fluid
Definition
Keyword
A trace that records the electrical activity of the heart
Electrocardiogram
Vesselos that carry blood back to the heart
Veins
A strong attraction
Affinity
Specialised muscle found in the walls of the heart chambers
Cardiac muscle
The pressure that a fluid exerts when pushing against the sides of a vessel or container
Hydrostatic pressure
The compound formed by the buffering action of the haemoglobin as it combines with excess hydrogen ions
Haemoglobinic acid
Valves that prevent blood re-entering the heart from the arteries
Semilunar valves
Small patch of tissue that sends out waves of electrical excitation at regular intervals in order to initiate contractions
Sino-atrial node
Consists of specially adapted muscle fibres that conduct the wave of excitation from the AVN down the septum to the ventricles
Purkinje fibres
The sequence of events in one full beat of the heart
Cardiac cycle
The movement of chloride ions into the erythrocytes to balance the charge as hydrogencarbonate ions leave the cell
Chloride shift
Means releasing the oxygen from the oxyhaemoglobin
Dissociation
The red pigment used to transport oxygen in the blood
Haemoglobin
The pressure created by the osmotic efects of the solutes
Oncotic pressure
The type of haemoglobin usually found only in the fetus
Fetal haemoglobin
The effect that extra carbon dioxide has on the haemoglobin, explaining the release of more oxygen
Bohr effect
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