Statistics for DELTA Module 1 Terminology (Discourse)

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Answer Stats

Definition	Term	% Correct
Verbal communication which serves a social function rather than to provide information. These are often used for greetings and saying goodbye. E.g. What’s up?	phatic language / phatic speech	100%
The use of a pronoun or determiner to refer back to something stated earlier in a text >> increases cohesion e.g. ‘Where’s my sweater?’ ‘I put it in your wardrobe’	anaphoric reference	50%
The use of a pronoun or determiner to refer forward to something stated later in a text >> increases cohesion e.g. That’s him! My sister’s husband.	cataphoric reference	50%
A device used in discourse to connect ideas of different parts of a text. It can include reference or linking words, substitution, and ellipsis. e.g. I loved that dog. It was my pet.	cohesive device	50%
Omitting a word or phrase because: It is unnecessary Can be inferred from context e.g. ‘Is the supermarket open?’ ‘No, but the corner shop is ().’	ellipsis	50%
Refers to something outside of the immediate linguistic context. Often the reader/listener will have shared knowledge of the referent. e.g. I’m going to meet him there tomorrow. (e.g. on a random note you find with no further information provided - no shared knowledge) e.g. ‘I’m going to the beach tomorrow. Do you want to come?’ (both parties know which beach is being referred to, likely because there is only 1 close by)	exophoric reference	50%
Language used by speakers to avoid frequent / long pauses, to hold the floor, or to gain thinking time. e.g. um, well, you know	filler	50%
Listening whose main aim is to establish, maintain, and build social relations. There is little real exchange of information/facts. e.g. Phatic talk: ‘how are your kids?’	interactional listening	50%
Correcting/repeating/rephrasing/checking for clarification to make an utterance more intelligible e.g. What I mean to say is… To put it another way….	repair strategy	50%
The replacing of a noun phrase with a single word in order to avoid repetition > increases cohesion	substitution	50%
Listening whose primary aim is to gain information e.g. listening to a weather report	transactional listening	50%
An occurrence of two consecutive turns where the first turn determines the second. e.g. question/answer problem/advice	adjacency pair	0%
Verbal signals given by the listener to express attention, interest e.g. yeah, sure, of course	back-channelling	0%
The use of grammatical and lexical means to achieve connected text, either written or spoken. e.g. substitution, ellipsis	cohesion	0%
A spoken language item that functions to orient the listener to what will follow: Initiate a turn (right….. now…..) Indicate some change of direction (well…) Appeal to the listener (you know?)	discourse marker	0%
The use of tentative lexis or grammar to lessen the definitiveness of a statement. Often used in an academic context. e.g. The scientists have suggested that this evidence could be used to prove…	hedging	0%
The speaker’s intention when producing an utterance. e.g. The phone’s ringing. (Are you going to answer it?)	illocutionary force	0%
The literal meaning of an utterance. e.g. The weather’s nice. (simple statement of fact)	locutionary force	0%
A balance within one or more sentences of similar clauses that have the same grammatical structure. e.g. I opened up my pencil case, took out my pen, and wrote down my answer. e.g. I came, I saw, I conquered.	parallelism	0%
A feature of discourse that indicates a shift in topic or conversational focus. e.g. look….. right…..	transactional marker	0%

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