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Hint
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answer
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evergreen, needles 3-6cm, 2 per fascicle in chaffy sheath; cones ovoid almost at right angle to branch with dark band on margin of scale
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Pinus mugo
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family
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Pinaceae
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common name
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mugho pine
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evergeen, blunt and flat needles with parallel sides. individual needs, shiny dark green and grooved, two ranked; globular buds; cones ovoid with rectangular shaped scales, scale margins smooth to erose, cones blunt tipped and short stalked
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Tsuga heterophylla
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family
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Pinaceae
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common name
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western hemlock
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evergeen, 2 needles per fascicle, sharp; cones point forwards and scales appressed
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Pinus banksiana
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family
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Pinaceae
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common name
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jack pine
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evergreen, sharp needles 4-8cm, 2 per fascicle in chaffy sheath; ovoid sharp buds; cones point backwards, scales thickened tip with a diamond pattern on outer surface, cones in clusters of 2-3
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Pinus sylvestris
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family
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Pinaceae
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common name
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scots pine
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evergreen, flexible flat needles, no fascicles, 2 ranked, yellow green with line of white dots underneath, softer; cluster of laterl buds, separate terminal bud; narrowly ovoid, broad, rounded cones with leathery scales, pendulous 6-9cm, bracts extend beyond scales
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Pseudotsuga menziesii
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family
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Pinaceae
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common name
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douglas fir
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deciduous, simple alternate leaves, upper side sand paper texture, serrate, base oblique; flat buds 5mm long; flowers on separate pedicel in loose clusters, reddish brown; winged samara oval in outline, notched at top, wing is fringed with hairs and veined
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Ulmus americana
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family
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Ulmaceae
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common name
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american elm
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evergreen, flattened needle like leaves, individual needles, dark yellow green on top pale below, needles abruptly pointed; small round buds; hard dark blue seed in red fleshy cup
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Taxus brevifolia
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family
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Taxaceae
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evergreen, 5-15cm needles 5 per fascicle, bluish green with lines; sharp buds 15mm; cylindrical pendulous cones, thin scales rounded at tip, 8-20cm
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Pinus strobus
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family
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Pinaceae
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common name
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eastern white pine
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evergreen, 2 needles per fascicle; 15mm blunt buds; cones point backward and have prickles at the end of each scale
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Pinus contorta var. latifolia
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family
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Pinaceae
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common name
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lodgepole pine
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deciduous, pinnately compound opposite leaves; terminal bud ovoid with white hairs; flowers apetalous with pale green sepals, dioeious, females drooping clusters, male later bundles; winged samara 45* from each other
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Acer negundo
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family
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Aceraceae
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common name
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manitoba maple
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deciduous, simple opposite leaves, two short basal lobes taller middle lobe, coarsely serrate, bright red in fall; no buds; flowers droop in terminal clusters; winged paired samara, outer margins parallel
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Acer Ginnala
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family
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Aceraceae
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common name
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amur maple
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deciduous, simple opposite palmatifid leaves, wavy to serrate margins, 5 lobes; terminal bud cone shaped and pointed; flowers 5 greenyellow sepals, apetalous, droop in clusters with stamen and pistil; winged samara in u shape, plump seedcase
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Acer saccharum
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family
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Aceraceae
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common name
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sugar maple
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deciduous, simple alternate leaves, 7-9 deep lobes with bristle tipped teeth; ovoid terminal buds, smooth and shiny redbrown; monoecious, male catkins drooping, female flowers in axil of leaves; nut covered 1/4 in hat/cup, is as wide as long, scales thin, hairless, 12-25mm
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Quercus rubra
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family
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Fagaceae
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common name
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red oak
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deciduous, simple alternate narrowly ovate leaves, serrate, leaf base almost symmetrical; globular buds, dark brown with scales and hairy margins; flowers on separate short pedicel in loose clusters, reddish brown to purple brown; winged samara round outline, has closed notch
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Ulmus pumila
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family
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Ulmaceae
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common name
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siberian elm
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evergreen, needles 12-25 cm, stiff but flexible, sharp, 3 per fascicle, needles dark yellowish green; sharp buds 15-20mm; cones cylindrical or ovoid, scales ticked at tips with sharp prickles
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Pinus ponderosa
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family
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Pinaceae
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common name
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ponderosa pine
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deciduous, simple deltoid alternate leaves, apiculate to acuminate tips, serrate, dull green upper, light green under, almost oblique base; creamy yellow flowers in cymes; nut like capsules globular and fuzzy in cymes at base of leaf bract
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Tilia spp
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family
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Tiliaceae
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common name
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basswood
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deciduous, compound leaves palamte opposite, 5-7 leaflets, acuminate, uneven serrate, yellowish upper pale under; terminal buds widest at middle; narrow bell shaped flowers, 4 green petals; leathery capsule seed covered with blunt spines, splits into 3
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Aesculus glabra
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family
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Hippocastanaceae
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common name
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ohio buckeye
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deciduous, simple alternate leaves, doubly serrate; ovoid asymmetrical buds; male catkins pendulous in clusters 1-3, female flowers at tip of shoot; 12mm long nut, egg shaped with blunt point, nut covered in fleshy papery sheath with stiff hairs, narrows to long tube
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Corylus cornuta
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family
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Betulaceae
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common name
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beaked hazelnut
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deciduous, small alternate ovate leaves, serrulate; stalkless buds, curved tips, reddish green overlapping scales; male catkins erect and dense, females catkins persistent and cone like 10-15mm; broad winged nutlet
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Alnus crispa
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family
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Betulaceae
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common name
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green alder
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deciduous, simple alternate with long petioles, ovate, upper shiny lower pale, serrulate; large terminal buds, pointy orange brown 5 scales; male catkins 7-10cm female catkins 10-13, dioecious, apetalous in axil of bract; ovoid capsule seed, release fuzzy seeds
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Populus balsamifera
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family
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Salicaceae
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common name
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balsam poplar
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deciduous, simple ovate alternate leaves, thick, serrulate; buds on short stalks, bright red with fine hairs, round to club shaped; catkins in groups 2-5; winged nutlet
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Alnus tenuifolia
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family
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Betulaceae
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common name
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river alder
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evergreen, needle like leaves in whorls of 3, crowded on stem, sharp and joined at base, grooved and white on upper; no buds; berry like fleshy blue cones, axillary sessile and covered in small ridges
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Juniperus communis
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family
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Cupressaceae
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common name
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ground juniper
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deciduous, simple alternate leaves, ovate or triangular, mild serrulate; slender buds taper, brown at tip green at base, no terminal bud usually; male catkins clusters 1-3, erect, female catkins erect, monoecious, flowers lobed calyx; winged nutlet, wings broader than nutlet, scales in x shapeand hairy
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Betula papyrifera
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family
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Betulaceae
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common name
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paper birch
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deciduous, pinnately compound opposite leaves all same size maybe larger terminal; pyramid buds soft granular; apetalous flowers, female loose clusters, male tight clusters, small dark lateral on twig; winged samara, seeds are dry and oblong with one narrow wing, smooth margined wing, seeds droop in clusters
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Fraxinus spp
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family
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Oleaceae
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common name
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ash
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deciduous, simple opposite deeply palmatifid leaves, 5-7 lobes, erose; clustered buds, small greenish yellow flowers on short stalks, winged samara 90* from each other, seedcase ribbed
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Acer saccharinum
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family
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Aceraceae
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common name
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silver maple
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deciduous, 2 lobed fan shaped leaves, alternate or in fascicles; terminal buds broadly ovate, lateral buds diverge from twig; fleshy plum like seeds
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Ginkgo biloba
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family
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Ginkgoaceae
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common name
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Ginkgo
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deciduous, simple alternate leaves, lobed with 7-9 deep lobes, upper half wider than lower half; terminal buds blunt and harry; male flowers drooping catkin, female flowers in axil of leaves, monoecious; acorn covered over 50% in cup/hat with fringed margins, knobby scales, 20-30mm long
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Quercus macrocarpa
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family
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Fagaceae
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common name
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bur oak
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deciduous, simple alternate very round leaves, wedge or round at base, crenate with 6-10 teeth each side; no buds; male catkins droop, female catkins erect, resemble honeycombs; nutlet with wings as broad as nutlet, nearly flat
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Betula pumila
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family
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Betulaceae
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common name
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bog birch
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deciduous, simple alternate deltoid leaves, long petiole, upper shiny lower dull, rounded large teeth 5-15 per side; buds covered in minute hairs; flowers apetalous, dioecious; oval capsule releases fuzzy seeds
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Populus deltoides ssp monilifera
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family
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Salicaceae
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common name
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plains cottonwood
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deciduous, simple alternate leaves, long and narrow; buds have one scale, buds seem crowded; flowered catkins; capsules, seeds with silky hairs
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Salix spp
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family
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Salicaceae
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common name
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willow
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evergreen, roundish overlapping scales leaves; no buds; scaly seed cones up to 6 sclales
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Chamaecyparis nootkatensis
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family
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Cupressaceae
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common name
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yellow cedar
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evergreen, young leaves awl shaped, old leaves scale like and overlapping with acute tips; no buds; blue,fleshy, berry like cones covered with bloom, surface covered in small ridges
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Juniperus scopulorum
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family
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Cupressaceae
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common name
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rocky mountain juniper
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needle like leaves, square, stiff, sharp, curved inwards, individual; cones cylindrical with papery scales with toothed margins
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Picea pungens
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family
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Pinaceae
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common name
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colorado spruce
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evergreen, needles straight, stiff, sharp, and square, spirally arranged individually on branch, no fascicles. green to bluish green with white lines; buds ovoid and scaly; cylindrical pendulous cones, scales have smooth margins, cones 2.5-5cm long
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Picea glauca
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family
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Pinaceae
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common name
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white spruce
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evergreen, rounded/notched needle apices, 15-25mm, needles straight, shiny green above, whitish below, sessile and 2 ranked, needles individual; round ovoid buds; barrel shaped cones erect on branch, scales fall off, axis stays
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Abies balsamea
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family
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Pinaceae
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common name
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balsam fir
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evergreen, young leaves awl, old leaves overlapping scale like with apiculate tips; no buds; berry-like fleshy blue cones, terminal
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Juniperus horizontalis
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family
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Cupressaceae
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common name
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creeping juniper
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deciduous, flat soft needles 2-5cm, long shoot needles individual, short shoot needles in fascicles with clusters of 12-20, both pale green
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Larix laricina
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family
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Pinaceae
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common name
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tamarack
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deciduous, flattened needles 2-5cm long, soft. long shoot needles individual, short shoot needles in fascicles of 15-30 needles, both pale in colour; buds ovoid, brown and darker at base; cones with thick leathery scales with smooth margins, bracts shorter than scales, cones slightly stalked
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Larix sibirica
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family
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Pinaceae
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common name
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siberian larch
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evergreen, needles sharp, straight, stiff, square, spirally arranged individually, green to grayish-green with white lines; conical buds, scaly; pendulous cones with papery scales, erose margins, cones 2-3cm long
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Picea mariana
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family
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Pinaceae
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common name
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black spruce
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deciduous, simple alternate leaves, long slender flat petiole, oval to kidney shaped, fine round teeth, upper dark under pale green; buds conical tips point inward; capsule narrowly conical 5-7mm
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Populus tremuloides
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family
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Salicaceae
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common name
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trembling aspen
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evergreen, overlapping leathery needles oppositely arranged, 4 ranked, appear flattened; no buds; cones are stalked with leathery scales, look bud like, small, 2 membranous wings
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Thuja plicata
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family
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Cupressaceae
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common name
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western redcedar
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