Communications 101- Final study guide

Definition

Term

The important people in an individual's life whose opinions and behaviors influence the various aspects of identity

The practice of changing language or dialect to accomodate to the communication situation

Distinct, organized means of expression that consists of symbols and rules for their use

Listening style that reflects a preference for error free and well organized speaking

Signals that accompany speech to clarify oremphasize the verbal meaning

Communication occurred when a sender encoded a message that was sent to a receiver who decoded it. then the process is reversed.

The standard of right and wrong that one applies to messages that are sent

The study of he way people use time as a message

process in which people generate meaning through the exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages

Dictionary, or literal meaning of a word

Process in which reminding individuals of stereotypical expectations regarding important identities can impact their performance

The understanding of one's unique characteristics as well as the similarities to, and differences from others

Part of one's self concept arises out of how one perceives and interprets reflected appraisals and social comparisons

Treating others and expecting to be treated with respect and dignity

Explanation of the process we use to judge our own and others' behaviors

Creating schemes that over generalized attributes of a specific group

Who a person is, composed of individual and social category a person identifies with, as well as the categories that others identify with that person

The process by which historical events influence the perceptions of people who grew up in a given generation and time period

The affective or interpretive meaning attached to a word

Roles that help establish a groups social atmosphere

Experiencing aversive or negative feelings towards a group as a whole or toward an individual because she or he belongs to a group

Use of verbal communication to attack others based on some social category

Comments that reject or invalidate a positive or negate self image of our conversational partners

Comments that validate positive self-images of others

the idea that self image results from the image others reflect back to an idea

Understanding the messages associated with sounds or what the sounds mean

Nonverbal behavior that has symbolic meaning

Listening style that reflects a preference for error free and well organized speaking

Nonverbal communication sent by the body including gestures, posture, movement, facial expressions and eye behavior

Nonverbal communication made with part of the body, including actions such as pointing, waving or holding up a hand to direct people's attention

Gestures used to control

the idea that people's self-images arise primarily from the many messages they have received from others about who they are

Standars of what is right and wrong, good or bad, moral and immoral

Gestures used to control conversations

How close or involved people appear to be with each other

All aspects of spoken language except for the words themselves, includes rate, volume, pitch and stress

The study of how people use spatial cues, including interpersonal distance, territoriality, and other space relationships to communicate

Definition

Term

The clothing and other accessories they choose

The process of recieving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages

Be aware that something is the case without being able to define exactly how one knows

Assessing your reaction to a message

Showing others how you regard their message

The study of the communicative functions of touch

A negative group process characterized by "escessive concurrence thinking"

A set of attitudes, beliefs and predispositions about the how, when, where, who and what of the information receiving and encoding process

The collection of roles, rules, norms, beliefs and attitudes endorsed by the community in which a person lives

Roles that focus more on the individuals interests than the groups

Oriented listening skills that reflects an interest in detailed attention to content

A listening style that is associated with friendly, open communication and an interest in establishing ties with others

Listening skills focused not only on understanding information but also "listening" to others feelings

Communication that occurs in interactions between people who are culturally different

A value orientation that respects the authority and independence of individuals

Model of relationship development in which couples move both towards and away from commitment over the course of their relationship

Contradictions in personal relationships

A value orientation that stresses the needs of the group

A value orientation that refers to the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a culture expect and accept an unequal distribution of power

The dimension of a society's value orientation that reflects its attitude towards virtue and truth

Theory that explains the primary forces that draw people together

The tendency to develop relationships with people who are approximately as attractive as we are

Theory that explains the development and longevity of relationships as a result of indivuals ability to maximize the rewards and minimized the costs of their relationship

Behaviors that couples perform that help maintain their relationships

Listening style that prefers belief, concise speech

The distaste and aversion that people feel towards working in a group

Communicatio among a small number of people that share a common interest or goal

The shared expectations group members have regarding each individuals communication behavior in the group

When an individual expects something to occur, the expectation increases the likelihood that it will,as the expectation influences behavior

Roles that help establish a group's social atmosphere

The way people lead directly affects the outcome

Needs between a group

Whichever of the three goals- to inform,persuade, or entertain- dominates a speach

The process of determining what the audience already knows or wants to know about a topic, who they are, what they know or need to know about the speaker, and what their expectations might be for the presentation

The portion of an audience analysis that considers the ages, races, sexes, sexual orientation, religions and social class of the audience

What the speaker wants to inform or persuade an audience about, or the type of feelings the speaker wants to envoke

A statement of the topic of a speech and the speaker's position on it

Information that supports the speaker's ideas

Thesis, statement of importance, how you are qualified to give a speech are all elements to:

Chronological, spatial, topic, problem- solution, cause-effect patterns

A significant minority group within a dominent majority that does not share dominant group values or communication patterns

Listening skills that are useful in a wide variety of situations- particularly those involving persuasive speaking

Review the points, and a challenge the audience to act are included in a good:

The process of selection, organization, and interpretation that we use to understand the information we collect through our senses; what we see, hear, yaste, smell and touch