Which City is Older? #2

Cologne was founded in 38 BC as Oppidum Ubiorum, a walled town built by the Ubil, a Germanic tribe. Roman and later Germanic settlements have been found within modern Munich, though the city itself developed from a settlement of Benedictine monks founded in the 11th century.

Sikandar Lodi, Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate, made Agra his capital in 1504, which is viewed as the official founding date of the city. However, Agra was already an old settlement by this point, and had been pillaged by the Turkic ruler Mahmud of Ghazni in the 11th century. Jodhpur was founded in 1459 by Rao Jodha, ruler of Mandore.

The Spanish founded Trujillo in November 1534, near to four Chimu settlements (Huanchaco, Huamán, Moche and Mampuesto) as part of their efforts to create an alliance against the Inca. Lima was founded on 18th January 1535.

Māori settlement in the area of modern Wellington began at least as early as 1280 (based on hard evidence) and possibly earlier, whereas Māori settlement of modern Auckland only began in c. 1350. Similarly, the earliest European settlement in Wellington, built in 1839, predates the earliest European settlement in Auckland, which was built in 1840.

Marseille was founded in c. 660 BC as the Greek colony of Massalia. The Roman city Lutetia was founded in 52 BC on the site of modern Paris, and there may previously have been settlements built by the Parisii (a Celtic tribe who had inhabited the area since the 3rd century BC) in the area.

Cape Town was founded in 1652 as a way-station for ships, along with the Fort de Goede Hoop (which would later be replaced by the Castle of Good Hope). The first settlement in what is now Durban was established in 1824.

Permanent habitation of modern Osaka started in the Yayoi period, 300 BC to 300 AD, and the city was a port during the years 300 to 538 AD (the Kofun period). Sumiyoshi-taisha, a Shinto shrine in Osaka, was founded in the year 211. Kyoto was first settled in the 7th century.

Belize City was founded as Belize Town in 1638 by English lumber harvesters. Belmopan was specifically built to be the new capital of Belize after Hurricane Hattie destroyed large parts of Belize City; work began in 1967, and the first phase of the city had been completed by 1st August 1970.

Malmö as a city was first mentioned in writing in 1275, and is thought to have been founded shortly before that as a quay. Gothenburg was founded in 1621 by Gustavus Adolphus as a fortified town.

Thebes, the ancient Egyptian city located within modern Luxor, was founded around 3200 BC. While there had been settlements in the location of Alexandria since the Old Kingdom (27th-21st centuries BC), these had been abandoned for a long time. As such, the area of modern Alexandria has been continuously inhabited since the 13th century BC, which is when the city of Rhacotis (the precursor to Alexandria) was founded.

Cartagena was founded on 1st June 1533, on the site of an existing indigenous village called Calamarí. Medellin was founded on 2nd March 1616.

Basra was founded as a garrison encampment in 636 by Rashidun Caliph Umar, and he developed this encampment into a city in 639. Construction of Baghdad began on 30th July 762 north of the Sassanid capital of Ctesiphon, under the orders of Abbasid caliph Al-Mansur.

Split was founded as the Greek colony of Aspálathos in the 3rd or 2nd century BC. The oldest part of Zagreb dates back to 1094, although the Romans built the settlement of Andautonia near to modern Zagreb sometime in or around the 1st century.

Nassau was founded as Charles Town in 1670 by British noblemen, at which time it consisted of a town and a fort. Freeport was established in 1955 as a free trade zone.

Stone Town, the old part of Zanzibar City, was founded in the 11th century as the fishing town Shangani. Dar es Salaam was founded in 1865 or 1866 by Majid bin Said, the first Sultan of Zanzibar.