Hint
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Answer
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Thermal energy from the sun causes air to rise into the atmosphere. This cools, condenses and falls as rain (Rainfall)
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Convectional
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Water availability falls below 1000m³ per person
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Water Scarcity
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Consumption exceeds 10% of its renewable freshwater supply
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Water Stress
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Water is taken up by plants and is formed onto the leaf surface
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Transpiration
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Temporary storage as water is captured by plants, buildings and hard surfaces before reaching the soil
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Interception
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The summation of all water on the land surface and in the subsurface (store)
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Terrestrial
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Release of water in liquid state
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Precipitation
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The downward seepage of water through rock under gravity
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Percolation
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Flow of water over the surface when the ground is saturated, frozen or impermeable
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Surface runoff
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Where a river experiences a period of seasonally high discharge followed by low discharge (river regime)
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Simple
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The conversion of water to vapour
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Evaporation
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Where larger rivers cross several different relief and climate zones (river regime)
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Complex
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When gaseous water transforms to liquid state
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Condensation
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The amount of precipitation remaining after evapotranspiration
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Effective Rainfall
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The summation of all water in the seas and oceans (store)
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Oceanic
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Air is forced upwards due to the relief of an area. This air cools and condenses, falling as rain. (Rainfall)
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Orographic
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A situation where pressure systems and weather patterns reverse in the Southern hemisphere
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El Nino
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The only open system in the water cycle where local factors control the throughput of water through a local store.
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Drainage Basin
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The combined effect of evaporation and transpiration
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Evapotranspiration
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The flow of hot and cold water around the oceans
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Thermohaline Circulation
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The amount of water usually available within a particular region
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Base flow
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Precipitation (P) = Streamflow (Q) +Evapotranspiration (E) Changes in storage (S)
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Water Balance
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The amount of water that could be evaporated and/or transpired from an area if there was sufficient water available
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Potential Evapotranspiration
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Ways in which water accelerates under gravity
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Gravitational Potential Energy
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When cold air meets a weather front, warm air rises above cold air which then cools and condenses, falling as rain. (Rainfall)
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Frontal
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The store of water in gas state (store)
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Atmospheric
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The store of water in solid state (store)
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Cryospheric
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Water entering the top soil
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Infiltration
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When 'normal' pressure systems and weather patterns intensify
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La Nina
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The hidden flow of water when food or other commodities are traded
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Virtual Water
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