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Sociology: Media Ownership 1

This is the first quiz based on the AQA A-Level Media topic in Sociology. Below are the words which need to be matched to their definitions: Newspapers 34.42% 0.56% Biggest Media Conglomerates Gillian Doyle (2002) 90% 42% 70% Public Service Broadcasting Commercial Broadcasting 59.2% Media Conglomerates Horizontal Integration Vertical Integration Lateral Expansion
Quiz by billyn
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Last updated: March 11, 2024
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First submittedMarch 11, 2024
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Biggest Media Conglomerates
These are the largest parent media companies worldwide:
1. Walt Disney Company.
-Owns ESPN, ABC broadcast network, 20th Century Fox, Lucasfilm, Pixar, Marvel Studios, National Geographic, etc.
2. Comcast Corporation.
-Owns NBC, MSNBC, CNBC, Universal, Peacock, Dreamworks, Illumination, Sky Group, etc.
3. Charter Communications, Inc.
-Owns Time Warner Cable, etc.
4. Warner Bros. Discovery.
-Owns CNN, Cinemax, Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc., etc.
5. Publicis Groupe SA.
6. Omnicom Group Inc.
7. Fox.
-Owns Fox News, Fox Business, Fox Sports, Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox Television Stations, etc.
8. WPP plc.
9. Paramount.
-Owns Paramount Pictures, CBS Entertainment Group, MTV, Nickelodeon, Comedy Central, Paramount Network, etc.
10. DISH Network.
Horizontal Integration
This is where concentration of ownership is consolidated by cross-media ownership:
-This refers to the fact that the bigger media companies often own a range of different types of media outlets.
-For example, News Corp, which owns newspapers in Britain and Australia, also owns the publisher HarperCollins as well as interests in the USA, including the New York Post and Fox News - it also owns a big chunk of Sky and the biggest Asian satellite channel, Star TV.
Gillian Doyle (2002)
This professor of Media Economics at the University of Glasgow says we should study media ownership for 2 reasons:
1. It is important that societies have pluralistic media provision so that all points of view are heard and abuses of power by elite groups can be avoided.
2. Ownership of the media is of more concern than ownership of other industries because of what the media can do - for example, influence public opinion.
70%
According to Amy Watson (2023), this is the percentage of the people she surveyed in the UK who were sceptical of media objectivity.
Public Service Broadcasting
This type of broadcasting serves the public interest:
-The BBC is publicly funded, with government backing, but crucially independent from government influence - as opposed to the state broadcasters of China and North Korea, for example.
-The government sets the level of the license fee but the BBC operates independently of the government.
-Channel 4 is also this type of broadcaster but is funded by advertising; works across television, film and digital media including video-on-demand service 4oD.
34.42%
This is the total broadcaster viewing monthly share for the BBC.
Lateral Expansion
This occurs when media companies diversify into new business areas in order to spread economic risk:
-Losses made in one area may be compensated for profits in another.
-The Virgin group owned by Richard Branson is a good example of a diversified corporation - it has major media interests in music, publishing, film production and cinemas.
-However, it also sells insurance and banking services as well as running an airline and health services.
Media Conglomerates
The media is owned by large companies or corporations, concentrated in a group of this:
-These large companies/corporations benefit from horizontal and vertical integration.
-This allows them to dominate the media market worldwide.
-They also benefit from lateral expansion and technological convergence.
Answer
Hint
Commercial Broadcasting
This type of broadcasting serves the commercial interest:
-The broadcasting of television and radio by privately owned corporate media.
-This type of broadcasting is usually funded through advertising, though there has been growth in subscription services.
-ITV is the UK's type of this broadcaster, with Sky also as the same type of service.
59.2%
This is the percentage of UK households which subscribe to Netflix.
42%
This is the percentage total for Sunday newspaper sales owned by Rupert Murdoch in 2020.
90%
This is the percentage of the UK national newspaper market 3 companies dominate. These are:
1. News Corp UK & Ireland Limited.
2. Daily Mail and General Trust.
3. Reach plc.
Newspapers
This is the current newspaper market in the UK:
-Daily Express - tabloid - 'Very right-wing' - Owned by Reach plc
-Daily Mail - tabloid - 'Very right-wing' - Owned by Daily Mail and General Trust (4th Viscount Rothermere)
-Daily Mirror - tabloid - 'Fairly left-wing' - Owned by Reach plc
-Daily Star - tabloid - Neutral - Owned by Reach plc
-Daily Telegraph - quality (broadsheet) - 'Fairly right-wing' - Owned by Telegraph Media Group Limited/Lloyds Bank Group plc
-The Guardian - quality (broadsheet) - 'Fairly left-wing' - Owned by Guardian Media Group (Scott Trust Limited)
-The I - quality (broadsheet) - Centrist - Owned by Daily Mail and General Trust (4th Viscount Rothermere)
-The Sun - tabloid - 'Fairly right/very right-wing' - Owned by News Corp UK & Ireland Limited (Murdoch family)
-The Times - quality (broadsheet) - 'Fairly right-wing' - Owned by News Corp UK & Ireland Limited (Murdoch family)
0.56%
This is the total broadcaster viewing monthly share for GB News.
Vertical Integration
This refers to the increasing trend of media multinationals to control all levels of media production:
-For example, Warner Bros. Discovery makes its own films and distributes them to its own cinema complexes while News Corp (until 2019) owned television and film studios as well as the satellite television channels that show them.
-It therefore gives media multinationals greater economic control over their operating environment.
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