Bacteria 2

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Last updated: March 27, 2019

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First submitted	March 27, 2019
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Hint	Answer
In what direction does the flagellum of a bacteria turn in order to make it swim?	Counter clockwise
What happens to the bacteria when it goes in the other direction?	Tumble
What signalling pathway is typically used by bacteria to sense their environment?	Histadine-aspartate-phosphorelay
What is the term used to describe the regulsted expression of networks of operons (regulons)?	Global regulation
When bacterial cell density reaches a certain level pathogens may switch on their virulence genes, what is the detecting of this called?	Quorum sensing
What is the name for the DNA elements that are randomly captured and inserted in DNA rearrangements?	Insertion sequences
What is the name for insertable regions of DNA that hve picked up useful genes e.g. antibiotic resistance?	Transposon
In pathogenic bacteria genes involved in virulence in specific concentrated areas, referred to as what?	Pathogenicity islands

Hint	Answer
There are three key ways that bacteria acquire/transfer DNA.1. What is the term for the transfer from bacteriophage viruses?	Transduction
2. Uptake from dead/lysed bacteria?	Transformation
3. Direct transfer between two bacteria requiring contact?	Conjugation
What is the general term for molecules that allow bacteria to stick to host cell membranes?	Adhesins
What is the most common cause of urinary tract infection?	E. Coli
What stalk like molecule is used by this bacteria to bind bladder cells?	Pili
What is the term for communities of this bacteria that invade the underlying epithelium allowing them to evade antibiotic treatment?	Quiescent reservoirs

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