Description
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Term
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Internal economies of scale resulting from large firms having more scope for division of labour
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Labour Economies
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The relationship between price and total revenue when demand is relatively price inelastic
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Direct
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The period of time in which the scale of a firms operations - though not variable factors like the number of people employed (assuming spare capacity) - cannot be changed
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Short Run
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Where a firm merges with or acquires a firm in a later stage of the production chain, such as a manufacturer and a retailer
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Forward Vertical Integration
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That which a firm makes when average revenue exceeds average cost
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Supernormal Profit
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A u-shaped curve that plots the cost of an additional unit of production against output
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Marginal Cost Curve
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That, some of the principal disadvantages of which are that; firms cannot compete so well with larger ones, cannot take advantage of certain economies of scale, and that it can be confusing for customers
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Demerger
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That which often arises from increased resource costs due to competition, as well as pollution, congestion, and overuse and depreciation of infrastructure
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External Diseconomies of Scale
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That which firms can earn in the long-run by erecting barriers to other firms entering the market possibly due to having monopoly power
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Supernormal Profits
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Diseconomies of scale that arise from the expansion of a firm
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Internal Diseconomies of Scale
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That which firms might do to; increase profits, decrease costs through economies of scale, increase market share and/or power, diversify thereby mitigating risks, or for managerial motives
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Grow
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That which consists of all firms which produce the same type of good or service
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Industry
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That which Amazon.com has not focussed on, so as to be able to lower prices and thereby increase its market share at the expense of its competitors
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Profit Maximisation
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The percentage of the total market which a firm supplies, measured either in terms of sales or revenue
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Market Share
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That which often arises from inefficiencies and complexities in managing and administering large firms, such as due to a result of the principal-agent problem
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Internal Diseconomies of Scale
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A usually u-shaped curve that plots costs where all factors of production are variable against output
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Long-Run Average Cost Curve or Envelope Curve
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Total fixed costs (TFC) ÷ output (Q)
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Average Fixed Costs (AFC)
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The which firms might not do so as to; avoid regulatory burdens, minimise overhead costs, maintain flexibility, adaptability, and the close relationship with consumers, maintain quality control, or due to the owner's lifestyle choice
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Grow
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Those, the growth of which is measured in terms of; output, sales revenue, market share, asset value, and/or workforce size
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Firms
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That the size of which may limit the extent to which a business can grow as niche or local ones have limited demand, while the state of the economy can reduce demand and thereby investment
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Market
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